Grade 7 CTE OLS Standards

Business Operations/21st Century Skills:  Learners apply principles of economics, business management, marketing and employability in an entrepreneur, manager and employee role to the leadership, planning, developing and analyzing of business enterprises related to the career field.

Employability Skills: Develop career awareness and employability skills (e.g., face-to-face, online) needed for gaining and maintaining employment in diverse business settings.

Identify the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to succeed in careers.

Adapt personal coping skills to adjust to taxing workplace demands.

Recognize different cultural beliefs and practices in the workplace and demonstrate respect for them.

Identify healthy lifestyles that reduce the risk of chronic disease, unsafe habits and abusive behavior.

Identify the scope of career opportunities and the requirements for education, training, certification, licensure and experience (e.g., interdependence of technical and artistic elements).

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways and secondary and postsecondary options.

Describe the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations and organized labor and use networking techniques to develop and maintain professional relationships.

Develop strategies for self-promotion in the hiring process (e.g., filling out job applications, resumé writing, interviewing skills, portfolio development).

Explain the importance of work ethic, accountability and responsibility and demonstrate associated behaviors in fulfilling personal, community and workplace roles.

Apply problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues when making decisions and formulating solutions.

Identify the correlation between emotions, behavior and appearance and manage those to establish and maintain professionalism.

Give and receive constructive feedback to improve work habits.

Sales and Marketing: Manage pricing, place, promotion, packaging, positioning and public relations to improve quality customer service.

Identify how the roles of sales, advertising and public relations contribute to a company’s brand.

Demonstrate sales techniques.

Determine the customer's needs and identify solutions.

Communicate features, benefits and warranties of a product or service to the customer.

Identify the company policies and procedures for initiating product and service improvements.

Monitor customer expectations and determine product/service satisfaction by using measurement tools.

Discuss the importance of correct pricing to support a product’s or service’s positioning in the marketing mix.

Describe the importance and diversity of distribution channels (i.e., direct, indirect) to sell a product.

Use promotional techniques to maximize sales revenues (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, publicity, public relations).

Describe how product mix (e.g., product line, product items) maximizes sales revenues, market, share and profit margin.

Principles of Business Economics: Examine and employ economic principles, concepts and policies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.

Identify the economic principles that guide geographic location of an industry's facilities (e.g., relative scarcity, price, quantity of products and services).

Identify the difference between monetary and nonmonetary incentives and explain how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.

Use economic indicators to identify economic trends (e.g., deregulation) and conditions (e.g., inflation, interest rate fluctuations, unemployment rates).

Determine how the quality, quantity and pricing of goods and services are affected by domestic and international competition in a market economy.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Explain how financial markets and government policies influence interest rates (credit ratings/debt ceiling), trade deficits and unemployment.

Describe how economic performance and culture are interdependent.

Identify the relationships between economy, society and environment that lead to sustainability (e.g., evolution and impact of the arts).

Describe how laws and regulations influence domestic and international trade.

Leadership and Communications: Process, maintain, evaluate and disseminate information in a business. Develop leadership and team building to promote collaboration.

Extract relevant, valid information from materials and cite sources of information (e.g., First Amendment, Freedom of Information Act).

Use interpersonal skills to provide group leadership, promote collaboration and work in a team (e.g., writer, reporter, designer, director, actor, conductor, technical crew).

Write professional correspondence, documents, job applications and resumés.

Use technical writing skills to complete forms and create reports.

Identify stakeholders and solicit their opinions.

Use motivational strategies to accomplish goals.

Deliver formal and informal presentations.

Identify and use verbal, nonverbal and active listening skills to communicate effectively.

Use negotiation and conflict-resolution skills to reach solutions.

Communicate information (e.g., directions, ideas, vision, workplace expectations) for an intended audience and purpose.

Use proper grammar and expression in all aspects of communication.

Use problem-solving and consensus-building techniques to draw conclusions and determine next steps.

Identify the strengths, weaknesses and characteristics of leadership styles that influence internal and external workplace relationships.

Identify advantages and disadvantages involving digital and/or electronic communications (e.g., common content for large audience, control of tone, speed, cost, lack of non-verbal cues, potential for forwarding information, longevity).

Business Ethics and Law: Analyze how professional, ethical and legal behavior contributes to continuous improvement in organizational performance and regulatory compliance.

Analyze how regulatory compliance affects business operations and organizational performance.

Follow protocols and practices necessary to maintain a clean, safe and healthy work environment.

Use ethical character traits consistent with workplace standards (e.g., honesty, personal integrity, compassion, justice).

Identify how federal and state consumer protection laws affect products and services.

Access and implement safety compliance measures (e.g., quality assurance information, safety data sheets [SDSs], product safety data sheets [PSDSs], United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) that contribute to the continuous improvement of the organization.

Identify deceptive practices (e.g., bait and switch, identity theft, unlawful door-to-door sales, deceptive service estimates, fraudulent misrepresentations) and their overall impact on organizational performance.

Identify the labor laws that affect employment and the consequences of noncompliance for both employee and employer (e.g., harassment, labor, employment, employment interview, testing, minor labor laws, Americans with Disabilities Act, Fair Labor Standards Acts, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC]).

Verify compliance with computer and intellectual property laws and regulations.

Identify potential conflicts of interest (e.g., personal gain, project bidding) between personal, organizational and professional ethical standards.

Knowledge Management and Information Technology: Demonstrate current and emerging strategies and technologies used to collect, analyze, record and share information in business operations.

Use office equipment to communicate (e.g., phone, radio equipment, fax machine, scanner, public address systems).

Select and use software applications to locate, record, analyze and present information (e.g., word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, databases, presentation, Internet search engines).

Verify compliance with security rules, regulations and codes (e.g., property, privacy, access, accuracy issues, client and patient record confidentiality) pertaining to technology specific to the industry pathway.

Use system hardware to support software applications (e.g., innovations in imaging and screen printing).

Use information technology tools to maintain, secure and monitor business records.

Use an electronic database to access and create business and technical information.

Use personal information management and productivity applications to optimize assigned tasks (e.g., lists, calendars, address books).

Use electronic media (e.g., social media) to communicate and follow network etiquette guidelines.

Global Environment: Evaluate how beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors influence organizational strategies and goals.

Describe how cultural understanding, cultural intelligence skills and continual awareness are interdependent.

Describe how cultural intelligence skills influence the overall success and survival of an organization.

Use cultural intelligence to interact with individuals from diverse cultural settings.

Recognize barriers in cross-cultural relationships and implement behavioral adjustments.

Recognize the ways in which bias and discrimination may influence productivity and profitability.

Analyze work tasks for understanding and interpretation from a different cultural perspective.

Use intercultural communication skills (e.g., code switching) to exchange ideas and create meaning.

Identify how multicultural teaming and globalization can foster development of new and improved products and services (e.g., digital) and recognition of new opportunities.

Business Literacy: Develop foundational skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and business operations.

Identify business opportunities.

Describe the impact of globalization on an enterprise or organization.

Describe how all business activities of an organization work within the parameters of a budget.

Describe classifications of employee benefits, rights, deductions and compensations.

Assess the reality of becoming an entrepreneur, including advantages and disadvantages (e.g., risk versus reward, reasons for success and failure).

Explain the importance of planning your business.

Identify types of businesses, ownership and entities (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, public, private, profit, not-for-profit).

Describe organizational structure, chain of command, the roles and responsibilities of the organizational departments and interdepartmental interactions.

Identify the target market served by the organization, the niche that the organization fills and an outlook of the industry.

Identify the effect of supply and demand on products and services.

Identify the features and benefits that make an organization’s product or service competitive.

Explain how the performance of an employee, a department and an organization is assessed.

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs: Analyze the environment in which a business operates and the economic factors and opportunities associated with self-employment.

Compare and contrast the four types of business ownership (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives).

Describe techniques for obtaining experience (e.g., apprenticeship, co-operative [co-op] education, work placement, internship, job shadowing) related to an entrepreneurial objective.

Identify initial steps in establishing a business (e.g., limited liability company [LLC], tax ID, permits, insurance, licensing).

Identify resources available to entrepreneurs (e.g., Small Business Administration, mentors, information resources, educational opportunities, grants for artistic support).

Protect intellectual property and knowledge (e.g., copyright, patent, trademark, trade secrets, processes).

Explain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the roles of nonprofit and for-profit businesses.

Develop a business plan.

Describe life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Create a list of personal strengths, weaknesses, skills and abilities needed to be successful as an entrepreneur.

Explain pathways used to become an entrepreneur.

Conduct a self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Operations Management: Plan, organize and monitor an organization or department to maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Forecast future resources and budgetary needs using financial documents (e.g., balance sheet, demand forecasting, financial ratios).

Analyze how business management and environmental management systems (e.g., health, safety) contribute to continuous improvement and sustainability.

Select and organize resources to develop a product or a service.

Analyze the performance of organizational activities and reallocate resources to achieve established goals.

Identify alternative actions to take when goals are not met (e.g., changing goals, changing strategies, efficiencies).

Use inventory and control systems to purchase materials, supplies and equipment (e.g., Last In, First Out [LIFO]; First In, First Out [FIFO]; Just in Time [JIT]; LEAN).

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying cost and Just-in-Time (JIT) production systems and the effects of maintaining inventory (e.g., perishable, shrinkage, insurance) on profitability.

Collect information and feedback to help assess the organization’s strategic planning and policymaking processes.

Identify routine activities for maintaining business facilities and equipment.

Develop a budget that reflects the strategies and goals of the organization.

Financial Management: Use financial tools, strategies and systems to develop, monitor and control the use of financial resources to ensure personal and business financial well-being.

Create, analyze and interpret financial documents (e.g., budgets, income statements).

Identify the role of depreciation in tax planning and liability.

Identify tax obligations (i.e., opportunities for deductions).

Review and summarize savings, investment strategies and purchasing options (e.g., cash, lease, finance, stocks, bonds).

Identify credit types and their uses in order to establish credit.

Identify ways to avoid or correct debt problems.

Explain how credit ratings and the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity affect access to loans.

Review and summarize categories (types) of insurance and identify how insurances can reduce financial risk.

Identify income sources and expenditures.

Compare and contrast different banking services available through financial institutions.

Design: Learners apply the elements and principles of design and compositional techniques to create works of art and visual layouts for both tactile and digital art forms.

Art Elements and Design Principles: Analyze works of art for the art elements and the design principles needed to create professional products.

Describe art elements of line, value, color, shape, space, form and texture in various media that are used individually or in combination.

Identify specific characteristics (i.e., positive and negative, organic, geometric, quality, weight, direction) of art elements that communicate and express ideas.

Determine how and when to apply the principles of design, including unity, variety, balance, movement, emphasis, visual hierarchy and proportion/scale, to communicate ideas.

Compare and contrast unity and variety within a design.

Contrast formal/symmetrical, informal/asymmetrical and radial balance.

Observe movement shown through repetition, pattern and rhythm.

Interpret emphasis through contrast, isolation, size and placement.

Identify visual hierarchy used to establish dominance.

Recognize the use of proportion/scale.

Color Theory: Assess the use of color for commercial design.

Explain the science of color perception using the electromagnetic spectrum.

Analyze position in color theory models (e.g., color wheel; Munsell’s design relationship among chroma/intensity, value/lightness and hue).

Describe how changes to tint, shade, hue, value, intensity and saturation relate to color theory.

Identify gamut output issues and calibrate color.

Select color profiles for different mediums (e.g., Red Green Blue [RGB], Cyan Magenta Yellow Key [CMYK], Pantone®, Reference Output Medium Metric [ROMM] RGB, CIE-L*a*B* color space).

Replicate color across multiple mediums accommodating how color changes from the monitor to the final product (e.g., coated and uncoated papers, metallic, color-calibrated monitors).

Compare and contrast additive and subtractive color theory (e.g., RGB, CMYK).

Compare and contrast choices using the psychology of color.

Critique the use of color schemes (e.g., primary, secondary, tertiary, analogous, complementary, triads, monochromatic) in various media.

Art Forms: Apply art elements and design principles to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) commercial products using various media to communicate the message and evoke the desired audience response.

Render a proportionately correct portrait and figure drawing.

Draw in one-point, two-point, multi-point and aerial perspectives.

Apply color using pencil, marker, dry media, wet media and digital media.

Demonstrate shape, volume, depth and dimension.

Employ techniques that produce actual and implied texture (e.g., filters, embroidery, embossing, clay, wax, wood, metal).

Select the material based on its characteristics (e.g., design, construction, maintenance, care of product) for the intended use.

Create a 3D design according to specific measurements using drawing, cutting, scoring and bonding techniques.

Visual Layouts: Create layouts for pre-production and analyze the communicative effects on the commercial product.

Create thumbnail and rough sketches.

Determine how the technical characteristics of the print medium affect content and style.

Calculate finishing requirements in a layout (e.g., registration marks, bleed, slugs).

Evaluate the product in terms of the message or meaning for the targeted audience.

Apply the proper color profile for the final output.

Create single and multi-color layouts using images and formats.

Use process color and spot color separations.

Differentiate between raster- and vector-based layouts.

Apply the components of a comprehensive layout (e.g., color scheme, font, white space, text graphics, frames, headings) according to an overall theme for the product.

Determine composition, formal qualities, scale and use of space.

Apply compositional techniques, including rule of thirds, use of a grid system, 180-degree rule, framing, fill frame, pyramid, strong center of interest and aspect ratio.

Create visual continuity among a variety of products.

Typography: Apply typographical elements for a commercial presentation.

Select typefaces (e.g., serif, sans serif).

Apply typography kerning and leading to typefaces for readability.

Use typographic measurements in terms of picas, points, pixels and ems.

Mix families of type within a project.

Use typography as a primary component of logo design.

Determine the effect of various font types on operating systems.

Assess typography’s effects on message delivery and aesthetics (e.g., limit families, readability).

Written Content Creation: Learners apply content creation knowledge and skills to use the intended message for entertainment, journalism or marketing purposes.

Career-based Writing: Develop basic skills and knowledge related to fact-, entertainment- and marketing-based copy.

Analyze the writing content and styles of fact-, entertainment- and marketing-based models.

Select visual imagery to support or enhance copy.

Review, re-write and edit to prepare the final copy for client and artistic approval.

Critique the impact of your writing and incorporate feedback in a revision.

Compare and contrast fiction and nonfiction.

Assess or determine the platform for delivery (e.g., video, audio, print).

Compare and contrast vocabulary, transition words, diction and sentence structure within writing models.

Create copy that emphasizes the central theme through supporting ideas or facts.

Adapt writing for the literacy level of the audience, including the use of readability software.

Critique timeliness, effect and proximity characteristics of copy.

Meet word count and organization-sensitive requirements.

Adapt the format (e.g., web, column) and body style (e.g., inverted-pyramid, hourglass, narrative) based on technical requirements and the purpose for writing.

Entertainment-based Writing: Produce copy for products designed for amusement and enjoyment.

Compare and contrast entertainment-based models of content created for print, electronic, audio, video and audio-visual genres.

Determine how the script dictates various elements, including setting, music and blocking.

Create script for stage, radio, libretti, television and film.

Compare and contrast writing to be read and writing to be performed.

Brainstorm the theme and plot through outlining or storyboarding.

Create copy in verse format using imagery and symbolism to express sensory details and enhance meaning.

Create copy with appropriate tone and content for the speaker or performer.

Annotate copy with phonetic spelling for the speaker or performer.

Create text for fiction and non-fiction artistic genres.

Create fiction and non-fiction scripts for various media.

Develop provocative and persuasive audio essays.

Fact-based Writing: Write concise and focused copy for journalism.

Determine what information is newsworthy.

Apply direct, indirect and partial quotes.

Create content format, length and flow based on purpose, audience and channel.

Create specialized stories.

Engage symmetrical and asymmetrical strategies in the creation and revision of content.

Write stories in basic news style using the inverted pyramid to identify who, what, when, where, why and how.

Identify positions from research and resources while remaining objective.

Compare and contrast objective and subjective fact-based text.

Engage and synthesize primary, secondary, quantitative and qualitative research.

Conduct primary source interviews using face-to-face and electronic programming.

Follow protocol for off-the-record information.

Design a story lead based on purpose and audience.

Create objective and subjective informational text for multiple purposes, including editorial, press releases, biographies, narratives, public service announcements and social media.

Market-based Writing: Write concise, creative, memorable, sellable copy for advertising, public relations and proposals.

Research and analyze trends and local markets for opportunities.

Apply channels of direct mail, online, email, Web and social media strategies.

Determine the wants and needs of the target audience.

Communicate brand image and product value.

Create subjective text to market products, including posters, advertising jingles and opening sequences for television.

Synthesize ideas for primary and secondary messages.

Apply the product, price, promotion and placement components of marketing.

Implement the voice of the customer in branding.

Create and revise messages for word-of-mouth, advertising and social media channels.

Critique advertisements to ensure the achievement of goals and objectives.

Audio, Video and Photo Imaging:  Learners apply knowledge and skills of photography and videography to capture, engineer and manipulate audio, images and video for a media production.

Science of Sound: Apply the characteristics and properties of sound to a professional production.

Analyze sound by its properties, including amplitude, frequency, wavelength, velocity, diffraction, diffusion, phase and harmonics.

Classify elements in sound transduction, including resistance, balanced versus unbalanced lines and how sound energy is converted into electrical energy.

Identify sound as measured or perceived.

Identify sound pressure level (SPL).

Analyze acoustics and their impact on sound.

Apply the principles of direct sound, early reflection and reverberation.

Deconstruct the four elements of a waveform signal.

Apply the principles of digital audio theory (e.g., sampling rate, Nyquist Theorem).

Audio Capturing: Apply the principles and properties of how sound is measured, converted and perceived to capture an audio recording for professional purposes.

Determine sound recording requirements.

Compare and contrast microphone properties (e.g., polar patterns, type of transducer) with their intended use (e.g., handheld, wireless, boom).

Determine microphone and speaker placement, according to their directional characteristics.

Record on dual system devices.

Import audio using analog-to-digital interfaces (e.g., Musical Instrument Digital Interface [MIDI], breakout boxes).

Organize a production from audio recording to distributing.

Distinguish among digital media formats (e.g., .mp3, .mp4, .wav, .aiff).

Select a score for production and post-production needs.

Audio Operations: Manipulate recordings for professional purposes.

Produce live sound, tracks and overdubbing (e.g., narrative, voiceover, music).

Select and place audio amplifiers, speakers and monitors for the planned effect.

Eliminate feedback by applying principles of electronics equalization.

Apply the principles of compression and limiting.

Differentiate between linear and non-linear transfers.

Synchronize new audio tracks with previously recorded video and audio tracks.

Perform audio mixing, including relative level, spatial positioning, equalization, dynamics processing and effects processing).

Apply virtual mixing techniques.

Apply the principles of time-based effects.

Synchronize sound effects for film, television, radio or live performances.

Adjust sound according to the needs of the environment.

Lighting: Measure and manipulate lighting based on the characteristics and properties of light.

Measure light levels using a light exposure meter.

Employ the characteristics (e.g., hard light, diffused light, incident light) and properties of light.

Manipulate and direct light using ratios, gels, filters, diffusion and gobos.

Implement lighting techniques (e.g., four-point, bounce, high-key, low-key, cross-key, mixed) to produce specific effects.

Photography: Capture and edit still images for commercial purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different image capturing devices.

Modify an image through color-management and special effects.

Enhance an image with tone, contrast, filters, composites and sharpening techniques.

Retouch an image by cloning, healing, patching and rebuilding.

Integrate image capture with post-production processes.

Capture multiple images and render them in high dynamic range.

Clean and maintain camera equipment.

Identify the effects of ISO settings on image quality.

Achieve proper exposure through light, shutter speed and aperture.

Affect apparent motion through shutter speed.

Manipulate aperture settings to alter depth of field.

Alter image through focus, white balance, exposure modes and polarization.

Capture images through various lenses and camera angles.

Modify images through sizing, cropping and output resolution.

Videography: Shoot video for professional and archival purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different video devices.

Select, prepare, clean and maintain equipment for a production.

Achieve proper exposure and depth of field using gain, white balance, focus, focal length, audio controls, bars and tone.

Select file format, frame speed and resolution.

Frame shots for proper composition, including extreme long, long, medium, close-up, extreme closeup, two-shot, over-the-shoulder, head room, nose room and lead room.

Apply screen direction using vectors (e.g., motion, index, graphic).

Create steady shots and smooth camera movements using handheld techniques, tripods and other stabilizing equipment.

Create slow/fast motion effect by adjusting shutter speed.

Log video during shooting.

Audio/Video Editing: Edit post-production audio or video for commercial purposes.

Compare and contrast linear and nonlinear digital editing systems for audio/video.

Export and upload media in the appropriate format (e.g., print to video, DVD, video file).

Import and log media for editing.

Manage files of digital clips.

Use storyboard techniques to place media on a timeline.

Correct color, condense and enhance a video production.

Edit audio or video online and offline with transitions, cutting points, order of shots and continuity.

Add special effects to a video through filters, keying and image control.

Mix audio for video through filters, ambient sound, sound effects, equalization (EQ) and matching levels.

Create graphics for video products (e.g., titles, still images).

Print Production Process:  Learners apply knowledge and skills to produce print or digital products.

File Preflight: Preflight files before printing.

Load customer files on a prepress system and open in a design application.

Compare the on-screen layout to the customer proof.

Examine the page format for production or output issues, including pagination, bleeds, folds, imposition, total ink coverage and color separations.

Examine font and picture usage for mapping, alignment, linking and resolution issues.

Identify color correction factors, including assignment, gamut, dot gain, screen angles, trapping, gray balance and rich black.

Troubleshoot files coded with computer programming language.

Confirm file accuracy through test printing.

File Output: Output files for print production.

Determine the resolution of the output device.

Apply color management through a calibrated system.

Manage output factors, including file management and raster image processing.

Interpret printers’ marks.

Verify that imagesetter materials and settings are correct.

Compare image carrier generation methods, including computer-to-plate [CTP], film based, screen and flexography.

Analyze factors for image carrier issues, including depleted chemistry and light leak.

Check color separations.

Offset Image Control Systems: Set up substrate and image control systems for printing.

Describe substrate transport pathways.

Apply color matching specifications for industry recognized systems.

Maintain conductivity and pH levels for offset printing.

Set up and adjust register systems.

Maintain image density and coverage.

Compare drying methods, including heat, oxidation, ultraviolet [UV], additives and infrared.

Preserve image carriers.

Select ink types based on their properties and product specifications.

Printed Images: Create printed images according to the client’s approved proof.

Compare and contrast color density proofs and press sheets for offset, wide-format inkjet and laser formats using visual and equipment readings.

Interpret color bars.

Analyze the effects of single-color and multiple-color (e.g., Pantone®, spot color) output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze the effects of process color output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze and maintain print quality controls for offset, wide-format inkjet and laser formats.

Produce copies following project specifications.

Identify the image quality factors that are measured by a densitometer and a spectrophotometer and other quality control devices.

Digital Print Methods: Analyze digital print technologies for digital and offset production.

Identify digital printing technologies and uses, including laser, toner-based xerography, ink-based digital and wide-format inkjet.

Create digital masters for production, including offset and digital ink-based printing.

Analyze the raster image processor (RIP), including its functionality, purpose and significance in a digital printing workflow.

Identify the types of file formats that can be sent to a RIP.

Compare digital printing to offset printing.

Compare and contrast proofing techniques used in digital and offset printing technologies.

Compare the differences between colorants and substrates used in digital printing versus offset printing.

Identify substrate-related print quality issues as they relate to digital printing.

Identify the basic subsystems and the functions of the components of digital output devices.

Digital Production Printing: Produce digital print jobs on digital print systems.

Use database software and text/graphics to create a variable data printing job.

Plan and execute a digital job, including reading and interpreting production information on a job docket/ticket, maintaining a checklist and queuing a job.

Determine the proper output device according to job specifications.

Select finishing methods within the output software, including stitching, folding, booklet-making and hole-punching.

Manage output product types for digital printing.

Print black-and-white and process-color jobs on coated and uncoated paper.

Analyze the capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Screen Printing and Embroidery: Engage screen printing and embroidery operations.

Identify substrates and their marketable applications in screen printing and embroidery.

Reclaim screens and waste materials for screen printing projects.

Compare the differences in screen printing inks and embroidery threads.

Adjust the factors that determine the quality of the impression (e.g., angle, pressure, speed, composition).

Compare light-emitting diode (LED) lamps to medium-pressure mercury lamps and select the lamp for the given screen printing purpose.

Explain image digitization for embroidery purposes.

Explain stitch count and hoop size, using embroidery software.

Perform maintenance on embroidery machines.

Create final print materials for screen printing and embroidery and verify printing quality.

Dry or cure printed objects for screen printing projects.

Binding and Finishing: Evaluate post image transfer finishing methods and techniques.

Identify post image transfer finishing requirements.

Calculate basic paper cuts and strategies.

Assemble three-dimensional (3D) products (e.g., packaging, promotional and point-of-purchase displays, folders, pop-up books).

Describe and identify inline- and offline-finishing systems.

Explain specifications for folding and using mockups.

Fold products, using single-, letter- and tri-fold.

Score and perforate products.

Bind products through drilling, perfect binding and saddle and flat stitching techniques.

Finish a saddle-stitched product through in-line, near-line and off-line methods.

Identify requirements for padding.

Apply specialty finishing processes, including thermography, foil stamping, embossing and die cutting.

Digital Design:  Learners apply knowledge and skills of digital design to manipulate and animate new and existing audio, video or photo images to create graphics for internet, broadcast, mobile and other multimedia applications.

Content Management: Import, store, export and manage digital assets.

Identify the characteristics that make media interactive.

Compare how digital and interactive media are used in different environments (e.g., kiosks, electronic billboards, Digital Out of Home [DOoH] signage, games).

Select an application according to its capabilities in meeting the purpose and budget.

Import media into the selected application.

Identify the hardware capabilities of various devices and how processor speed, Random Access Memory (RAM), monitor resolution and media storage affect the development and use of digital projects.

Convert file formats for use in editing software and other applications.

Export media in the appropriate format for delivery.

Manage digital assets through organizational techniques (e.g., metadata, keywords, file/folder structure, name conventions).

Scanning: Apply scanning techniques and procedures to capture images for design.

Describe the relationship between lines per inch (LPI) and dots per inch (DPI).

Describe the relationship between resolution and file size.

Manipulate input functions and calibrate scanning equipment (e.g., descreening, gamma, resolution).

Scan images.

Save images in various modes, resolutions and formats.

Scale, size and adjust file resolution for multiple uses.

Graphics: Create and manipulate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital graphics.

Draw digital graphics.

Manipulate the attributes of graphics (e.g., color, shape, size, texture).

Arrange graphics using layers.

Select a graphic file format based on compression, resolution and file size.

Optimize and export graphic files for intended use.

Animation: Create digital animation.

Develop a plan and storyboard for an animation.

Import two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) assets.

Create key frames and apply tweens and paths.

Create special effects and virtual navigation.

Create environments for 2D and 3D animations.

Render and export animations.

Web Page Design: Design and create webpages to appeal to the end user.

Identify how different devices, browsers and operating systems affect the look of a web page.

Create and attach cascading style sheets (CSS).

Design a data entry form from specifications that will accept a variety of user inputs (e.g., radio buttons, text entry fields, check boxes, drop-down menus).

Incorporate audio, video, graphics and animations into a web page.

Create rollovers, text wraps and hyperlinks.

Draft, revise, edit and proofread to check for format and text accuracy.

Execute usability tests on a completed web page, checking for information accessibility, ease of use and navigation on multiple platforms and devices.

Publish a functioning web page for multiple devices, including advanced functionalities (e.g., database, ecommerce).

Collect and interpret data analytics.

Transfer files using file compression for transfer or storage.

Explain how bandwidths affect data transmission.

Describe the basic principles of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its functional relationship with web browsers.

Select a web page template based on website characteristics.

Design a web page based on subject, devices, audience, layout, color, navigation, graphics and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements.

Organize assets for a functional web page.

Create and format ordered and unordered lists on a web page.

Create and format a table on a web page.

Integrate inline styles.

Performance:  Learners apply knowledge and skills for performance, including roles, processes, procedures and production design.

Interrelationships: Examine and explore how music, dance and theatre disciplines connect to create a production.

Identify the similarities in preparation and audition among the performing arts disciplines.

Evaluate the importance of the audience and its relationship to the performance.

Describe how the level of training impacts a performance.

Explain the level of skill and training to reach a professional production level of a performance.

Describe and critique the elements of a performance from an audience member’s perspective.

Determine the relationship among costume, scenic, lighting and sound designers.

Acting Process: Create, research and perform a variety of believable, multidimensional roles.

Analyze a script and use clues, inherent in the dialogue, to create a character.

Apply classical and contemporary acting techniques.

Evaluate collaborative efforts and artistic choices in informal and formal productions.

Develop vocal and physical attributes of a role using the script, direction and imagination.

Develop the score of action for a role based on given circumstances.

Apply a series of everyday activities to the role through sensory imagination.

Develop the physical, social and emotional elements of a character through action.

Express a variety of characters and different theatrical styles through vocal qualities, posture, movement and language.

Sustain a character as an actor in an ensemble rehearsal and performance.

Identify and execute inner monologue, personal imagery, imaginative imagery, personal associations and elements of action.

Research different social contexts of character relationships, classes and situations.

Production Management: Assign roles, functions and procedures based on a script or production plan.

Identify the stages in the production process.

Describe the function and responsibilities of individuals involved in creating, planning, scheduling and producing a production.

Develop script formats, interpretations, subjects, production choices and ideas.

Secure talent and a location.

Manage personnel and workflow.

Align the scenes and cast with the script or production plan.

Production Design: Adapt the elements of stagecraft to a script or production plan.

Create a design that captures the director’s vision and concept.

Create a design using standards scenery elements.

Integrate all design elements (e.g., costuming, scenery, lighting, audio and properties) to reflect the mood, setting and socioeconomic statuses indicated in the production plan.

Determine stage rigging based on stage configuration.

Create a set rendering, scale ground plan and set model using different techniques (e.g., collage, paint elevation chart, thumbnail design).

Identify stagecraft properties and their function and placement in a production.

Execute scenic painting, lighting and costuming based on the audience’s perception of highlights and shadows.

Interpret the elements of a simple light plot.

Execute a lighting design.

Costuming: Create and apply wardrobe, hair style and makeup for a performance.

Develop a character analysis to create costuming for production.

Describe the relationship among costume, scenic, lighting and sound designers.

Create renderings to illustrate design choices based on a script analysis or production plan.

Create and interpret a costume plot to track the movement and specific costuming needs of characters in a play, including quick changes.

Render costume concepts to scale.

Develop a plan to create costumes that are functional and artistically effective.

Compare and contrast the various methods of acquiring costuming within the confines of a budget.

Apply wardrobe, hair and makeup to convey the mood, character, setting and social status of a character.

Create garments using machine and hand sewing.

Adapt commercial sewing patterns for theatrical use.

Performance Demands: Meet the physical, vocal and psychological demands of a performance.

Apply the warm-up process and other techniques that prevent strain on various parts of the body and voice.

Recognize physical stress as a potential risk factor to the body’s various movements.

Develop techniques to enhance a performance based on the knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

Develop a nutrition plan and lifestyle choices that support optimal performance and reduce stress and injury.

Anticipate the physical requirements of a performance.

Overcome psychological stresses to minimize their impacts on a performance.

Manage and relieve anxieties.

Rehearsal and Audition: Establish skills and habits necessary for auditions, individual practice and rehearsals.

Plan for different types of auditions and adapt to in-person, audio and video format requirements.

Select the audition material that meets the expectations of the company or individual holding the audition.

Prepare physically and mentally for rehearsal and audition demands.

Critique the strengths and weaknesses of a performance during rehearsal.

Genres: Analyze and critique the stylistic differences among genres.

Compare and contrast the various styles.

Identify and compare the lives, works and influence of significant individuals in various cultures, traditions and historical periods.

Compare and contrast characteristics (e.g., technique, form, content) of genres from a particular time period or area of influence.

Explain the influence of social context, historical periods and culture in the development of a performance.

Basic Movement: Execute basic movement concepts in performance.

Use exercises that build strength, stamina, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and nonlocomotor movements.

Apply appropriate alignment, isolation, strength, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and non-locomotor movements.

Perform various examples of dance steps and movements within a dance genre.

Exhibit stage presence, confidence and focus.

Exhibit aesthetic awareness, creation of line, rhythm, musicality, expression and movement dynamics.

Perform an extended movement sequence or dance sequence from memory.

Space, Time and Energy: Exhibit the use of space, time and energy through performance.

Work within conventional and nonconventional spaces.

Use space and dynamics in solo and ensemble performances.

Respond to meter, rhythmic pattern and phrasing in a performance.

Apply various patterns in performance movements.

Alter a theatrical, choreographic or interdisciplinary performance.

Choreography: Choreograph a dance using choreographic principles, processes and structures.

Apply contrast and transition using choreographic principles.

Apply processes of improvisation, reordering and chance.

Compare and contrast the differences between abstract and narrative movements.

Choreograph dances from multiple genres.

Create a movement sequence that incorporates dance techniques and choreographic forms and principles.

Create unified ensemble movement.

Critique a choreographed complementary and contrasting form for an ensemble.

Execute the use of balance, counter-balance and the support of weight through partnering techniques.

Adapt movement to the choreographer’s intent.

Music Elements: Distinguish the elements of music through listening.

Identify pitch, interval, scales, solfege and chords.

Analyze examples of a varied repertoire of music, representing diverse styles and cultures.

Identify meter.

Identify voice leading and harmonic progressions.

Identify the relationship between melodies and harmony.

Identify the tonality of work.

Identify the rhythmic pattern of a piece of music.

Identify texture and form.

Identify different instrumental and vocal timbres.

Compare and contrast rhythm, patterns and style in a performance.

Musical Symbols: Interpret musical symbols.

Identify music notational symbols from a vocal or instrumental score.

Sight read using music theory-based systems.

Identify major, minor and modal tonalities.

Identify rhythms in various meters.

Interpret articulations, dynamics, expressive symbols and terms.

Musical Performance: Perform different styles of instrumental or vocal music in solos and ensembles.

Apply the elements of music that produce an expressive effect.

Perform, with expression and technical accuracy, a varied repertoire of particular styles or genres.

Translate the musical score into a performance.

Respond to the cues of a conductor or section leader.

Perform with attention to key, balance, intonation, phrasing, pitch and rhythmic accuracy.

Improvise rhythmic and melodic variations over given chord progressions and symbols.

Employ the correct technique required for characteristic tone production, including posture, breath support, hand position, embouchure and vocal placement.

Identify matching pitches from two or more sources.

Evaluate a performance, composition, arrangement or improvisation by comparing it to similar or exemplary models.

Musical Composition: Arrange, compose and score music using notation and sequencing software.

Analyze the form, melody, harmony and rhythm of a composition.

Transpose musical notation.

Compose and score a musical composition in several distinct styles.

Arrange pieces for voices or instruments, other than those for which the pieces were written.

Compose or arrange music for voices and instruments.

Business Operations/21st Century Skills: Learners apply principles of economics, business management, marketing and employability in an entrepreneur, manager and employee role to the leadership, planning, developing and analyzing of business enterprises related to the career field.

Employability Skills: Develop career awareness and employability skills (e.g., face-to-face, online) needed for gaining and maintaining employment in diverse business settings.

Identify the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to succeed in careers.

Adapt personal coping skills to adjust to taxing workplace demands.

Recognize different cultural beliefs and practices in the workplace and demonstrate respect for them.

Identify healthy lifestyles that reduce the risk of chronic disease, unsafe habits and abusive behavior.

Identify the scope of career opportunities and the requirements for education, training, certification, licensure and experience.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways and secondary and postsecondary options.

Describe the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations and organized labor and use networking techniques to develop and maintain professional relationships.

Develop strategies for self-promotion in the hiring process (e.g., filling out job applications, resumé writing, interviewing skills, portfolio development).

Explain the importance of work ethic, accountability and responsibility and demonstrate associated behaviors in fulfilling personal, community and workplace roles.

Apply problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues when making decisions and formulating solutions.

Identify the correlation between emotions, behavior and appearance and manage those to establish and maintain professionalism.

Give and receive constructive feedback to improve work habits.

Sales and Marketing: Manage pricing, place, promotion, packaging, positioning and public relations to improve quality customer service.

Identify how the roles of sales, advertising and public relations contribute to a company’s brand.

Demonstrate sales techniques.

Determine the customer's needs and identify solutions.

Communicate features, benefits and warranties of a product or service to the customer.

Identify the company policies and procedures for initiating product and service improvements.

Monitor customer expectations and determine product/service satisfaction by using measurement tools.

Discuss the importance of correct pricing to support a product’s or service’s positioning in the marketing mix.

Describe the importance and diversity of distribution channels (i.e., direct, indirect) to sell a product.

Use promotional techniques to maximize sales revenues (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, publicity, public relations).

Describe how product mix (e.g., product line, product items) maximizes sales revenues, market, share and profit margin.

Principles of Business Economics: Examine and employ economic principles, concepts and policies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives. .

Identify the economic principles that guide geographic location of an industry's facilities (e.g., relative scarcity, price, quantity of products and services).

Identify the difference between monetary and nonmonetary incentives and explain how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.

Use economic indicators to identify economic trends and conditions (e.g., inflation, interest rate fluctuations, unemployment rates).

Determine how the quality, quantity and pricing of goods and services are affected by domestic and international competition in a market economy.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Explain how financial markets and government policies influence interest rates (credit ratings/debt ceiling), trade deficits and unemployment.

Describe how economic performance and culture are interdependent.

Identify the relationships between economy, society and environment that lead to sustainability.

Describe how laws and regulations influence domestic and international trade.

Site and Personal Safety Procedures: Follow site and personal safety procedures in specific situations with specialized tools and equipment, evaluate the situation and take corrective action.

Use Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defined procedures for identifying employer and employee responsibilities, working in confined spaces, managing worker safety programs, using ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), maintaining clearance and boundaries and labeling.

Follow established procedures for the administration of first aid and contact emergency medical personnel when necessary.

Set up for ergonomic workflow.

Apply inspection, rejection criteria, hitch configurations and load handling practices to slings and rigging hardware.

Demonstrate the proper use of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) hand signals.

Identify the source of electrical hazards and use shutdown and established lock-out/tag-out procedures.

Select and operate fire extinguishers based on the class of fire.

Describe the interactions of incompatible substances when measuring and mixing chemicals.

Identify symptoms of exposure to health-threatening environments (e.g., temperature; chemical noise, vibration, harshness [NVH] hazards).

Interpret safety signs and symbols.

Interpret personal safety rights according to the employee Right to Know plan.

Describe how working under the influence of drugs and alcohol increases the risk of accident, lowers productivity, raises insurance costs and reduces profits.

Identify the location of emergency flush showers, eyewash fountains, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), fire alarms and exits.

Identify procedures for the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials.

Select, use, store, maintain and dispose of personal protective equipment (PPE), appropriate to job tasks, conditions and materials.

Identify safety hazards and take corrective measures.

Identify, inspect and use safety equipment appropriate for the task.

Leadership and Communications: Process, maintain, evaluate and disseminate information in a business. Develop leadership and team building to promote collaboration.

Extract relevant, valid information from materials and cite sources of information.

Use interpersonal skills to provide group leadership, promote collaboration and work in a team.

Write professional correspondence, documents, job applications and resumés.

Use technical writing skills to complete forms and create reports.

Identify stakeholders and solicit their opinions.

Use motivational strategies to accomplish goals.

Deliver formal and informal presentations.

Identify and use verbal, nonverbal and active listening skills to communicate effectively.

Use negotiation and conflict-resolution skills to reach solutions.

Communicate information (e.g., directions, ideas, vision, workplace expectations) for an intended audience and purpose.

Use proper grammar and expression in all aspects of communication.

Use problem-solving and consensus-building techniques to draw conclusions and determine next steps.

Identify the strengths, weaknesses and characteristics of leadership styles that influence internal and external workplace relationships.

Identify advantages and disadvantages involving digital and/or electronic communications (e.g., common content for large audience, control of tone, speed, cost, lack of non-verbal cues, potential for forwarding information, longevity).

Business Ethics and Law: Analyze how professional, ethical and legal behavior contributes to continuous improvement in organizational performance and regulatory compliance.

Analyze how regulatory compliance (e.g., United States Department of Agriculture [USDA], Food and Drug Administration [FDA], United States Department of Interior [USDI], Ohio Livestock Care Standards, water quality standards, local water regulations, building codes) affects business operations and organizational performance.

Follow protocols and practices necessary to maintain a clean, safe and healthy work environment.

Use ethical character traits consistent with workplace standards (e.g., honesty, personal integrity, compassion, justice).

Identify how federal and state consumer protection laws affect products and services.

Access and implement safety compliance measures (e.g., quality assurance information, safety data sheets [SDSs], product safety data sheets [PSDSs], United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) that contribute to the continuous improvement of the organization.

Identify deceptive practices (e.g., bait and switch, identity theft, unlawful door-to-door sales, deceptive service estimates, fraudulent misrepresentations) and their overall impact on organizational performance.

Identify the labor laws that affect employment and the consequences of noncompliance for both employee and employer (e.g., harassment, labor, employment, employment interview, testing, minor labor laws, Americans with Disabilities Act, Fair Labor Standards Acts, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC]).

Verify compliance with computer and intellectual property laws and regulations.

Identify potential conflicts of interest (e.g., personal gain, project bidding) between personal, organizational and professional ethical standards.

Knowledge Management and Information Technology: Demonstrate current and emerging strategies and technologies used to collect, analyze, record and share information in business operations.

Use office equipment to communicate (e.g., phone, radio equipment, fax machine, scanner, public address systems

Select and use software applications to locate, record, analyze and present information (e.g., word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, databases, presentation, Internet search engines).

Verify compliance with security rules, regulations and codes (e.g., property, privacy, access, accuracy issues, client and patient record confidentiality) pertaining to technology specific to the industry pathway.

Use system hardware to support software applications.

Use information technology tools to maintain, secure and monitor business records.

Use an electronic database to access and create business and technical information.

Use personal information management and productivity applications to optimize assigned tasks (e.g., lists, calendars, address books).

Use electronic media to communicate and follow network etiquette guidelines.

Global Environment: Evaluate how beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors influence organizational strategies and goals.

Describe how cultural understanding, cultural intelligence skills and continual awareness are interdependent.

Describe how cultural intelligence skills influence the overall success and survival of an organization.

Use cultural intelligence to interact with individuals from diverse cultural settings.

Recognize barriers in cross-cultural relationships and implement behavioral adjustments.

Recognize the ways in which bias and discrimination may influence productivity and profitability.

Analyze work tasks for understanding and interpretation from a different cultural perspective.

Use intercultural communication skills to exchange ideas and create meaning.

Identify how multicultural teaming and globalization can foster development of new and improved products and services and recognition of new opportunities.

Business Literacy: Develop foundational skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and business operations.

Identify business opportunities.

Describe the impact of globalization on an enterprise or organization.

Describe how all business activities of an organization work within the parameters of a budget.

Describe classifications of employee benefits, rights, deductions and compensations.

Assess the reality of becoming an entrepreneur, including advantages and disadvantages (e.g., risk versus reward, reasons for success and failure).

Explain the importance of planning your business.

Identify types of businesses, ownership and entities (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, public, private, profit, not-for-profit).

Describe organizational structure, chain of command, the roles and responsibilities of the organizational departments and interdepartmental interactions.

Identify the target market served by the organization, the niche that the organization fills and an outlook of the industry.

Identify the effect of supply and demand on products and services.

Identify the features and benefits that make an organization’s product or service competitive.

Explain how the performance of an employee, a department and an organization is assessed.

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs: Analyze the environment in which a business operates and the economic factors and opportunities associated with self-employment.

Compare and contrast the four types of business ownership (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives).

Describe techniques for obtaining experience (e.g., apprenticeship, co-operative [co-op] education, work placement, internship, job shadowing) related to an entrepreneurial objective.

Identify initial steps in establishing a business (e.g., limited liability company [LLC], tax ID, permits, insurance, licensing).

Identify resources available to entrepreneurs (e.g., Small Business Administration, mentors, information resources, educational opportunities).

Protect intellectual property and knowledge (e.g., copyright, patent, trademark, trade secrets, processes).

Explain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the roles of nonprofit and for-profit businesses.

Develop a business plan.

Describe life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Create a list of personal strengths, weaknesses, skills and abilities needed to be successful as an entrepreneur.

Explain pathways used to become an entrepreneur.

Conduct a self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Operations Management: Plan, organize and monitor an organization or department to maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Forecast future resources and budgetary needs using financial documents (e.g., balance sheet, demand forecasting, financial ratios).

Analyze how business management and environmental management systems (e.g., health, safety) contribute to continuous improvement and sustainability.

Select and organize resources to develop a product or a service.

Analyze the performance of organizational activities and reallocate resources to achieve established goals.

Identify alternative actions to take when goals are not met (e.g., changing goals, changing strategies, efficiencies).

Use inventory and control systems to purchase materials, supplies and equipment (e.g., Last In, First Out [LIFO]; First In, First Out [FIFO]; Just in Time [JIT]; LEAN).

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying cost and Just-in-Time (JIT) production systems and the effects of maintaining inventory (e.g., perishable, shrinkage, insurance) on profitability.

Collect information and feedback to help assess the organization’s strategic planning and policymaking processes.

Identify routine activities for maintaining business facilities and equipment.

Develop a budget that reflects the strategies and goals of the organization.

Financial Management: Use financial tools, strategies and systems to develop, monitor and control the use of financial resources to ensure personal and business financial well-being.

Create, analyze and interpret financial documents (e.g., budgets, income statements).

Identify the role of depreciation in tax planning and liability.

Identify tax obligations.

Review and summarize savings, investment strategies and purchasing options (e.g., cash, lease, finance, stocks, bonds).

Identify credit types and their uses in order to establish credit.

Identify ways to avoid or correct debt problems.

Explain how credit ratings and the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity affect access to loans.

Review and summarize categories (types) of insurance and identify how insurances can reduce financial risk.

Identify income sources and expenditures.

Compare and contrast different banking services available through financial institutions.

Animal Science: Learners apply principles of animal anatomy, physiology, genetics, behavior, nutrition and production to the research and development, selection and reproduction, health and management of animals in domestic and natural environments.

Nutrition: Analyze, formulate, prepare and administer a ration for a population of specific animal species based on the economics, nutrition and availability of feedstuffs and evaluate the feed's effects on animals, and animal products.

Identify the traditional and alternative types, compositions, quality and compatibility of feedstuff, feed additives and feed byproducts.

Describe the role of nutrients and nutritional requirements of different animal life processes and species.

Collect a feedstuff sample and interpret the data to determine the quality.

Identify and address major nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms.

Identify the biological and non-biological contaminants (physical, chemical, biological and radiological) found in feedstuffs and their impacts on animals.

Formulate and prepare rations and diets for different stages of an animal's life.

Calculate performance indicators (feed efficiency, average daily gain, minimum energy required) in relation to the cost, quality and availability of feeds.

Select and determine the feeding and watering practices and systems, based on the animal population, purpose and requirement.

Body Systems: Describe the interrelationships of animal body systems with growth, development, health, maintenance, reproduction and production.

Describe external anatomical parts and their functions within different species.

Identify and describe the function and components of the respitory system and pulmonary ventilation and the factors influencing respiratory rates.

Identify and describe the urinary system structure and functions, including excretion and osmoregulation.

Compare and contrast between the male and female reproductive system, structures and function.

Describe the endocrine system, its structure and the role of hormones.

Identify and describe the immune system and lymphatic system's role in immunity.

Compare and contrast the anatomical parts of the digestive system(s) and describe their physiology within different species.

Identify anatomical components of nerve tissue and the nervous system, including regions of the brain, spinal nerves and the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, and describe their physiology.

Identify the anatomical components of the skeletal system, including the types and forms of bones, and describe their physiology.

Identify the anatomical components of the musculature systems, including, striated, cardiac and smooth muscle and describe their physology.

Compare and contrast bone growth, muscle growth, and fat deposition in relation to developmental patterns.

Describe the components of the cardiovascular system and their functions, including factors affecting blood flow.

Identify and describe the physcial chracteristics, components and functions of blood.

Identify and describe the integumentary system (e.g. skin, hair, nails, wool, feathers, scales), related structures, functions and cycles.

Care and Management: Apply animal care, management and record procedures to ensure husbandry and welfare, including managing environmental conditions to ensure health and performance.

Identify species-specific terminology (gender, age, reproductive status).

Recognize common restraints and tack devices for handling including their use and adjustments.

Groom animals through brushing, bathing and thueraputic treatments.

Assess the nails and hooves of animals and understand the practice of trimming and treating for specific species.

Compare and contrast different standards of grooming and styling techniques for specific animal species and breeds.

Identify and recognize normal and abnormal dental structures and conditions.

Identify, classify, evaluate and select animal species or breeds for a desired outcome.

Determine the biotic and abiotic factors (e.g. air, ventelation) that impact the animal's environment.

Apply concepts of pest control and nuisance animal control, sanitation and disinfection procedures for animals' care and management.

Perform species-specific animal identification techniques for tracebility and records.

Calculate a facilty or habitat's carrying capacity and its impact on animal health.

Identify and recognize predator-prey relationships and implement control measures.

Evaluate and perform animal care procedures aligned with industry standards throughout the life of the animal.

Monitor and evaluate the quality of an animal's habitat and implement corrective methods as needed.

Recognizing Diseases and Disorders: Evaluate animal conditions for species-specific diseases and disorders to assess an animal’s health and welfare.

Identify common infectious and noninfectious causes of diseases and disorders within different species.

Differentiate between active and passive immunities and identify immunization schedule per species.

Identify abnormalities in the skeleton, body form and functions and identify associated symptoms.

Describe the clinical signs that are associated with an abnormality caused by environmental factors (e.g. heat stress, standing condition, air quality).

Assess clinical signs of animals and identify diseases caused by microorganisms (e.g., parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa).

Describe zoonotic diseases and explain the health risk on humans and animals.

Implement disease prevention methods and procedures including the use of personal protective equipment.

Utilize voided specimens to determine animal health by performing urinalysis and fecal floatation with centrifugation.

Understand the principles of imaging and diagnostics through the use of X-ray and ultrasound equipment and techniques.

Apply principles of image physics and perform ultrasound techniques.

Animal Health: Implement preventive measures, treatment and maintenance options for species-specific diseases and disorders to improve an animal’s health and welfare.

Obtain and interpret an animal's vitals.

Describe advantages, disadvantages and adverse side effects of commonly used preanesthetic and anesthetic agents.

Identify and prepare sterile surgical instruments commonly used for surgery and post-operatice procedures.

Apply concepts of body condition scoring to assess an animal's general health and nutrition status.

Recognize the preventative measures or treatments needed to maintain animal health.

Apply basic principles of first-aid.

Inventory, store and dispose of pharmaceutical drugs by category, class and label.

Describe the routes of administration for medications (oral, IM, IV, SQ) and the process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, withdrawal and excretion.

Interpret and follow label directions for the dosage, route of administration and withdrawal period.

Simulate the administration of drug treatments and vaccines, following quality assurance guidelines, and monitor common adverse effects and potential problems associated with administration.

Prepare a sterile surgical environment, prepare patients for surgery and conduct post-operative procedures.

Population Management: Manage reproduction practices in animal populations across habitats to achieve the desired outcomes and specific goals.

Identify factors that lead to reproductive maturity and select animals for reproductive readiness.

Compare and select superior individuals based on phenotype.

Compare and select superior individuals based on breeding values and heritability of the desired traits.

Identify normal and abnormal signs of parturition and recommend appropriate management practices.

Understand the rationale to manipulate an animal’s reproductive processes to support breeding (e.g., sex-sorted semen, heat synchronization, nutritional flushing, light cycling, natural and selected breeding).

Understand the rationale for selecting breeding methods (e.g., artificial insemination, embryo transfer, natural selection, selective breeding, invitro fertilization, cloning).

Describe requirements and environmental influences during different stages of gestation within different species.

Describe ethical and responsible animal population management practices (e.g., spaying, neutering, heat supression, relocation, reintroduction, hunting, containment, culling, euthanasia).

Biotechnology: Learners engage in the scientific process, learn fundamental processes using modern tools and laboratory techniques, adhere to safety protocols, and bring a biotechnology product to the market.

Research and Experiments: Use scientific methodology to conduct problem-based studies, develop products, and interpret results.

Use scientific methodology to conduct problem-based studies, develop products, and interpret results.

Use t-test and p-value to determine statistical significance of results.

Describe the relationships among variables using correlations and draw conclusions.

Draw conclusions based on observations and data analyses, recognizing that experimental results must be open to the scrutiny of others.

Prepare and present findings using scientific reports.

Evaluate experimental failure and use integrity to communicate findings.

Describe how biotechnology products are produced and used in the United States.

Describe how biotechnology products are regulated in the United States.

Describe biotechnology product safety assessment.

Identify the purpose of a bioreactor and its use in the agricultural industry.

Design a research plan, including the significance of the problem, purpose, hypotheses, objectives, appropriate controls, independent variables, dependent variables, methods of study and a list of materials.

Examine sources for credibility.

Apply sampling methods that appropriately represent the population, and implement procedures for systematic data collection.

Explain the importance and design of trialing, and the information gained from it.

Document results of the experiment in a laboratory notebook, including a statement of purpose, experimental design, observations, results, conclusions and next steps.

Create, interpret and use tabular and graphical displays and describe the data.

Compute measures of central tendency to interpret results and draw conclusions.

Define the concepts of confidence intervals and significant figures.

Laboratory Standard Operational Procedures: Conduct experiments using proper industry based protocols, methods and techniques

Use aseptic techniques to collect, prepare and test samples.

Describe industry-based and required regulatory quality assurance practices for documentation.

Prepare and dispense stock reagents, buffers, media and solutions by calculating concentrations, adjusting factors such as pH and selecting purification techniques and equipment.

Test and maintain the integrity of stains, regents, chemicals and mounts.

Select and apply sterilization methods for regents, buffers, media, biological samples and solutions.

Perform laboratory measures by calculating and preparing a serial dilution, calculation quantities needed to perform a test analysis and calculating unit conversions and concentrations (graphing results).

Monitor physical properties of reagents, buffers, media and solutions for conductivity and resistivity, pH and turbidity and explain the significance of each.

Perform separation techniques, including chemical separations, chromatography, centrifugation, distillation and filtration and interpret the results.

Titrate liquids.

Create a standard operating procedure and explain its use.

Specimen, equipment and chemical handling: Handle, prepare, transport, store and dispose of specimens and chemicals. Monitor, record and maintain the integrity of equipment and instrumentation, environmental conditions of the facility and inventory.

Prepare and interpret labels for chemicals, supplies, and equipment.

Use and maintain a record keeping system for laboratory equipment, chemicals, or products.

Use and maintain an inventory management system.

Use and calibrate precision weighing and measuring techniques (e.g. analytical balance, micropipette), based on the metric system.

Use volumetric glassware to accurately measure liquids.

Use chemical references to identify hazards associated with handling and storing chemicals.

Safely transfer chemicals from storage containers to equipment used in the laboratory.

Neutralize acids, bases or caustic solutions for handling and disposal.

Sample, monitor and record the environmental conditions of a facility (e.g. air quality, HEPA, temperature, microbial contaminations).

Identify and describe the purpose of common laboratory equipment.

Select personal protective equipment for various laboratory protocols.

Identify required tools and procedures of different biosafety levels.

Adjust, calibrate and perform systems diagnostics on laboratory equipment.

Applying Chemistry to Laboratory Practices: Using common laboratory equipment, apply general and organic chemistry concepts to examine the structures, functions, binding of molecules, and methodologies for their purity and characterization.

Illustrate electron configurations of elements, compounds and mixtures.

Identify materials that can be used as a catalyst and describe their role in reactions.

Predict endothermic and exothermic characteristics of chemical reaction.

Use naming systems, including common and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) conventions.

Calculate errors in various measurements, based on data acquired using common laboratory equipment.

Apply standard rules for determining the number of significant figures in measurements and in the answers to corresponding calculations.

Convert units of measure from English to metric, within the English system, and within the metric system.

Calculate the volume, temperature and pressure of gases using the ideal gas law, Charles's Law and Boyle's Law.

Use the periodic table to describe atomic structure and to characterize molecules based on functional groups.

Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds.

Use common and chemical nomenclature for organic and inorganic materials.

Write names and formulas for common compounds.

Prepare solutions based on molarity, percent weight per volume (w/v) and percent volume per volume (v/v).

Describe chemical bonding and bond types and the relationships that they have with the physical state of materials.

Apply the concepts of stoichiometry and the laws of thermodynamics to chemical reactions.

Balance chemical reactions.

Microbiology Testing and Technology: Classify, differentiate between, and test for various kinds of microorganisms and microbial by-products.

Explain classification, composition and preparation of culture media and prepare media for propagation.

Differentiate between types of viruses.

Explain virulence, pathogenicity and the factors that contribute to pathogenicity.

Explain how chemical energy operates major cell processes (e.g. biosynthesis, movement, transport, growth).

Identify bacteriologic methods necessary for the isolation and identification of organisms.

Identify factors that affect and optimize rates of enzyme assay reactions.

Describe the purpose of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and interpret the results.

Describe types of assays and disinguish uses and limitations.

Follow complex instructions in performing an assay and explain the role of each step.

Perform biochemical assays of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and enzymes.

Identify the purpose and implementation of bioassays for pathogens.

Operate centrifuge, dissecting scope, compound microscope, spectrophotometer, incubator, colony counter, pipettes, and other basic microbiology and analytical equipment to examine biological specimens.

Apply quality assurance control processes within the lab setting (e.g. pre-analytic, analytic and post-analytic sources of error).

Perform autoclave sterilization.

Explain the principles of microscopy and process a specimen for light microscopy.

Perform Gram staining to identify morphology and gram results of bacteria.

Prepare, incubate and identify colonies microscopically and macroscopically (e.g., colonial morphology, staining procedures, biochemical analysis).

Use microbial taxonomy and classification systems to identify microbial organisms.

Compare and contrast cellular structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Identify aerobic bacteria through morphological, physical, and biochemical properties.

Obtain specimens for microbiological testing.

Molecular-Genetics Technology: Apply knowledge of genetic inheritance and modification to organisms, and use genetic information and bioinformatics to analyze specimens.

Use a Punnett Square to predict and explain Mendel's Laws, genotype, and phenotype.

Explain cloning techniques including vector preparation, transformation and selection.

Preform spectroscopy of biological materials explaining the principles behind the procedures, the purpose of a blank and determine the concentration of biomolecular samples.

Evaluate genomes in relation to food, plant, animals, and natural resources.

Perform genotyping analysis for genetic diagnostics.

Transform bacteria with exogenous DNA to alter bacterial metabolism, reproduction, cell structures and their functions.

Describe types and features of passive and active transport systems.

Describe molecular behavior and structure of large molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Describe genome sequencing and the information gained from it.

"Describe artificial selection and how it is used in plant and animal breeding. "

Define genetically modified organisms and explain their impact on society.

Explain epigenetics and provide examples of its effects.

Describe how vectors (e.g., plasmids, transposons, viruses) are used to transform host and microorganisms.

Explain gene by environment interactions.

Describe the difference between a quantitative and qualitative gene trait and give examples of each.

Model, predict and diagram the three-dimensional shape, types of bonds (covalent and hydrogen bonds) and antiparallel nature of DNA.

Model central dogma of molecular biology (e.g. replication, transcription, translation).

Describe post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of RNA and describe its function.

Explain gene editing including the process, possible benefits, and potential risks.

Identify, isolate and manipulate peptides and proteins (i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures).

Analyze DNA using common laboratory techniques (e.g. DNA isolation, gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme digest, Southern Blotting, Northern Blotting).

Use bioinformatics to anaylze DNA and proteins.

Power Systems: Learners apply principles of tool use, power transmission, hydraulics, two- and four-stroke cycle combustion, exhaust, ignition, fuel, starting and charging, steering, HVAC, and lubrication systems to operate, maintain and repair equipment.

Tool, Stationary and Mobile Maintenance: Inspect, clean, maintain and perform preventative maintenance on equipment.

Inspect, clean, maintain and perform preventative maintenance on equipment.

Inspect and maintain fluid conveyance and storage components.

Identify and maintain accuracy of tooling, machinery, and equipment when performing preventive maintenance and repairs.

Compare alternative sources of power for equipment.

Identify types of hand tools, power tools and equipment and describe their functions.

Ensure the presence and functionality of safety equipment.

Identify potential hazards and limitations related to the use of equipment.

Maintain organization, and cleanliness of facilities, machinery, equipment, and tools for safety and appearance.

Inspect and service electrical systems and components.

Inspect for fluid leakage, fluid levels and the condition of fluids.

Inspect, clean, lubricate, and adjust equipment for safe operation.

Select fluids, maintain fluid levels and replace system filters per OEM (original equipment manufacturer) specification.

Drive Axle Universal and Differential: Identify, inspect and replace drive axle and differential components.

Identify and inspect drive axle and differential assemblies.

Service and replace the shaft, yokes, boots and joints per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Replace drive axle seals, bearings and retainers per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Inspect, adjust and replace drive belts and chains per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Inspect and replace drive axle housing cover plates, gaskets, sealants, vents, plugs and seals per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Hydraulic Systems: Diagnose, repair and rebuild hydraulic systems.

Interpret symbols and schematic drawings related to hydraulic system design.

Describe the physical and mechanical principles of hydraulics.

Identify and describe the features, benefits and applications of the different types of hydraulic and hydrostatic systems.

Identify and describe the applications and operations of major hydraulic system components.

Inspect, test, diagnose, repair, or replace hydraulic systems and components.

Test and diagnose electronic controls for hydraulic systems.

Identify and describe the purpose fluid sampling, perform fluid sampling procedures and and interpret sample reporting.

Identify and describe hydraulic fitting types and sizes per international standard organization (ISO).

Measure flow rate, pressure and temperature.

Brakes: Identify, inspect and replace components of braking systems.

Identify and locate components of braking systems.

Identify and describe pressure concerns in the brake systems.

Identify poor stopping, pulling, noise, vibration, premature wear or dragging.

Remove and replace a master cylinder per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Inspect and install lines and fittings per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Remove, inspect and replace brake components and inspect for leaks.

Inspect the condition of the parking brake, and service or replace as needed.

Heating and Air Conditioning Systems: Diagnose and repair heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC).

Identify and describe the physical and mechanical principles of heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

Use schematics and diagrams to troubleshoot heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

Identify and describe refrigerant types, major components and function and in the overall operation of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.

Diagnose heating and air conditioning systems by performing pressure and leak testing.

Identify, evacuate/recover, recycle/charge the air conditioning system per EPA standards.

Pneumatic Systems: Diagnose, repair and rebuild Pneumatic systems.

Interpret symbols and schematic drawings related to pneumatic system design.

Describe the physical and mechanical principles of pneumatics.

Identify and describe the features, benefits and applications of the different types of pneumatic systems.

Identify and describe the applications and operations of major pneumatic system components.

Inspect, test, diagnose, repair, or replace pneumatic systems and components to maintain system integrity.

Test and diagnose electronic controls for pneumatic systems.

Identify and describe the pneumatic system contaminates and methods of testing and control.

Identify and describe pneumatic fittings and hose by types and sizes per international standard organization (ISO).

Measure system flow , pressure, temperature, and dew point.

Equipment Operations: Operate and maintain mechanical equipment and power systems.

Follow Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) recommended operating procedures and adjustment specifications as found in the operators manual.

Differentiate among the functions, limitations and proper use of equipment, equipment controls and instrumentation.

Perform pre- and post-operation inspections and adjustments and report malfunctions.

Perform appropriate start-up, operating and shut-down procedures.

Select and operate equipment and attachments needed to complete the task per the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) operators manual.

Identify onboard diagnostic procedures per OEM specifications to identify the causes of drivability and emissions concerns.

Identify, describe and troubleshoot module communication errors (e.g., controller area network [CAN], BUS systems).

Inspect and test computerized engine control system sensors, powertrain control modules (PCMs), actuators and circuits.

Engines: Apply concepts to service components of both small and large internal combustion engines per the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) operators manual.

Assess the physical and mechanical principles of engine operation, including motion, friction and thermodynamics.

Retrieve, record, and interpret stored on-board diagnostics (OBD) trouble codes and clear codes where applicable.

Locate data plate and determine engine specifications.

Analyze, evaluate and troubleshoot an engine.

Compare and contrast two-cycle and four-cycle engines and their operating principles.

Evaluate engine head and engine block components to determine serviceability per the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Remove and replace components comprising the engine block and engine head.

Perform the requirements of engine servicing per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification to maintain emissions requirements.

Lubrication and Cooling System: Inspect lubrication and cooling systems operation.

Explain principles of engine lubrication and cooling.

Inspect and test mechanical and electrical fans, fan clutches, fan shrouds and air dams.

Perform pressure and sensor test on lubrication and cooling systems.

Understand the purpose fluid sampling, perform fluid sampling procedures and and interpret sample reporting.

Inspect the oil pump gears or rotors, housing, pressure relief devices and pump drive.

Inspect, test and replace the radiator, pressure cap, and coolant recovery tank.

Inspect and replace engine system hoses and belts.

Inspect and replace the thermostat per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Test, drain, flush and refill coolant and bleed the cooling system peroriginal equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Inspect, remove and replace the water pump per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Fuel, Air Induction and Exhaust System: Diagnose and repair fuel, air induction, exhaust systems, and aftertreatment devices (ATD).

Explain principles of exhaust, intake, aftertreatment and turbocharger on designs and operations.

Inspect the integrity of the exhaust system and aftertreatment components.

Identify, remove and replace positive crankcase ventilation system components.

Identify the parts and describe the functions of evaporative emission control systems.

Check and refill the diesel exhaust fluid and service the diesel particulate filter per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Identify and describe alternative power systems.

Identify and understand starting and drivability issues or concerns.

Understand and interpret fuel sampling report for contaminants and quality.

Inspect and test fuel pumps and pump control systems for pressure, regulation and volume.

Inspect and test the cold start system.

Inspect the air induction system, intake manifold and gaskets for vacuum leaks and unmetered air.

Inspect and service governor systems.

Explain fuel injection theory.

Inspect and test fuel injectors per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Ignition System: Perform ignition system diagnostics and repair.

Explain basic ignition system theory.

Use wiring diagrams and schematics to troubleshoot and repair ignition system components.

Diagnose and repair ignition system problems for drivability.

Inspect, test, and replace ignition system circuit wiring and components.

Identify, describe, adjust ignition system timing, timing advance and retard.

Transmission of Power: Diagnose and service power train components.

Identify and describe the features, benefits, and applications of power transmission components.

Identify and describe the physical and mechanical principles of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical power transfer.

Perform calculations involving speed, torque and power.

Remove, replace, and adjust hydrostatic transmissions

Remove, replace, and adjust clutches and brakes

Test, diagnose, remove, and replace electronic power train control systems components.

Test, remove and replace pneumatic components.

Remove, replace, and adjust damaged and non-functioning power train components.

Starting and Charging Systems: Identify, inspect and repair starting and charging system components.

Identify and differentiate between electrical and engine problems that cause a slow crank or no crank condition.

Use wiring diagrams and schematics to troubleshoot starting and charging system components.

Inspect, test, and replace fuses, relays, circuit breakers, and solenoids.

Perform charging system output tests.

Inspect, remove, replace and adjust alternator drive belts, pulleys, tensioners and check pulley and belt alignment.

Remove, inspect and install an alternator and starter per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Measure and diagnose the causes of excessive key-off battery drain (parasitic draw).

Identify the high voltage circuit of electric or hybrid electric vehicles and related safety precautions.

Steering, Suspension and Traction: Diagnose and repair steering, suspension and traction systems.

Evaluate traction, ballasting and weight transfer of equipment, including towing and trailering systems per gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).

Evaluate and formulate solutions for vehicle stability to include automatic leveling devices, center of gravity, roll-over potential and wheel base dimensions.

Remove, inspect, repair or replace steering system components.

Align steering components, including tires and tracks.

Interpret tire and track wear patterns and evaluate replacement needs per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Identify and differentiate bearing noise, vehicle pull and wheel vibration, shimmy and noise.

Measure wheel, tire, axle and hub runout to evaluate replacement needs.

Remove, inspect, repair/replace and reinstall the tire and wheel or track assembly per original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specification.

Elements of Production: Learners apply principles of practice related to the management and maintenance of food, agriculture and natural resources systems.

Electrical Theory: Interpret and apply electrical and electronic principles and theories.

Read and interpret wiring diagrams and symbols.

Describe the purpose of grounding and common methods used for grounding.

Describe the uses of series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.

Use a digital multimeter to determine voltage, current, frequency and phase.

Describe the features, benefits and applications of electrical and electronic systems.

Describe the relationship between electrical effect and electromagnetic effect.

Explain methods of producing electrical current.

Describe the differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).

Compare and contrast conductors and insulators.

Differentiate the relationships among voltage, current, resistance and power in circuits and understand the basics of transformers.

Measure the amperage of AC and DC electrical systems and system components.

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, impedance and power in circuits using Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff's Law and Watt’s Law.

Joining and cutting ferrous and non-ferrous materials with heat: Join and cut ferrous and non-ferrous materials using heat in horizontal and vertical positions.

Classify, select, handle and store electrodes and match them to the job requirements based on the desired level of penetration and heat range.

Perform continuous, stitch, tack, plug and butt welds with and without backing and fillet welds.

Cut ferrous and non-ferrous materials using oxy fuel and plasma equipment based on the various applications.

Determine the correct welder type, wire diameter and gas to be used in a specific welding situation.

Compare and contrast ferrous and non-ferrous material welding operating characteristics and performance.

Identify and select the appropriate joint design, weld type and welding position.

Set up and adjust the welder according to the material being welded and influencing conditions.

Store, handle and install high pressure gas cylinders.

Clean, prepare, align, and secure post-weld material.

Compensate for the effects of expansion and contraction forces when joining ferrous and non-ferrous materials.

Employ protective methods for surrounding equipment and materials during welding and cutting operations.

Fabricating with cold ferrous and non-ferrous material: Repair ferrous and non-ferrous material structures and equipment through cutting, shaping, forming and joining stock.

Evaluate ferrous and non-ferrous structures and equipment and plan the method of repair.

Contrast surface coatings and apply them under appropriate environmental conditions.

Lay out and cut ferrous and non-ferrous material.

Shape stock through bending, cutting, drilling and filing.

Form and assemble metal through cutting and bending.

Edge metal through wiring, turning, beading and crimping.

Identify various methods of fastening ferrous and non-ferrous material.

Fasten ferrous and non-ferrous material using a range of hardware.

Process ferrous and non-ferrous material through tapping, threading, torquing and smoothing.

Analyze the surface condition and select and apply abrasives and fillers for ferrous and non-ferrous material.

Precision Agriculture: Analyze data from precision agriculture platforms and prepare recommendations

Identify a list of agricultural enterprises that can benefit from precision agriculture.

Interpret results and prepare recommendations to present findings to stakeholders.

Determine precision system based on cost and recommendation for an operation.

Explain and figure vairable rate for production goal.

Identify and troubleshoot problems that arise with computer/network/hardware and software compatibility problems.

Calibrate, repair and maintain electronic equipment per manufacturer's specifications.

Identify and describe functions of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Identify and explain precision agriculture platforms and differentiate uses and benefits for specific platforms.

List specific precision agriculture techniques for pesticide application, yield mapping, soil analysis, tillage and planting operations, animal feed and water systems, temperature controled housing and specific machine functions.

Explain steps involved in procuring required equipment based on the desired outcome to meet a production goal.

Demonstrate proficiency using a multi-meter on precison components to determine reading from manufacture's specifications.

Determine the correct course of action based on preliminary troubleshooting findings.

Analyze each component in relation to the system and determine the suitabilty of a given component for different agriculture applications.

Apply precision agriculture information to specifically reduce the negative environmental impacts of production practices.

Explain how programable logic control (PLC) works and determine equipment malfunctions related to plc failure.

Electronic Systems: Learners apply principles of electronics related to electronic theory, alternating and direct current, electronic components, electronic circuits, digital electronics and power supp

Describe static (open circuit) and dynamic (closed circuit) testing principles.

Measure the source voltage and perform voltage drop and current draw tests in electronic circuits.

Identify and describe the principles of capacitance and inductance.

Identify and describe the functions of non-suppressed, suppressed, and bistable relays.

Inspect and test switches, connectors, relays, solenoid and wires of electronic circuits.

Identify manufacture, and repair or replace terminal connectors per OEM specifications.

Perform solder repair of electrical wiring.

Locate shorts, grounds, opens and resistance problems in electronic circuits.

Inspect, test, and reset or replace or reset fusible links, circuit breakers and fuses per OEM specifications.

Motors and Programmable Logic Controllers: Learns will apply the principles of installing motors, variable-frequency drives (VFD) and power wiring; as well as program, install and monitor digital computers used for automation of electronic mechanical processes to perform tasks.

Identify types and components of single phase and three phase motors.

Identify programmable logic controller (PLC) components.

Design a motor control program using manual and automatic modes.

Monitor and troubleshoot a network and hardwired system with a programmable logic controller (PLC).

Monitor and troubleshoot programmable logic controller (PLC) operation.

Install and maintain programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

Interpret motor nameplate information and motor specifications.

Calculate motor loads.

Determine motor rotation needed for the installed load and explain the process for reversing rotation (i.e. three phase and single phase).

Interpret schematics and control diagrams for building a motor circuit.

Wire single phase and three phase circuits and install motor control devices (e.g. contactors, starters, variable-frequency drive (VFD) and motor speed controls).

Explain the starting sequence of motor components within a given circuit.

Troubleshoot and repair motor starting systems to verify operation according to schematics and control diagrams.

Describe the use of Programmable Logic Circuits (PLC) in manufacturing automation.

Animal Behavior: Apply management practices to assure animal welfare considering species-specific behaviors, human safety, social influences, public perception and regulations associated with animal welfare.

"Understand social influences, public perception and regulations that are associated with animal welfare."

Compare and contrast proper and improper handling, equipment use, and strategies that impact food quality.

Identify methods to minimize animal stress and safety (physiology, psychological and nutritional).

Examine an animal to evaluate its general condition.

"Describe the adaptations and special senses (e.g., sight, hearing, smell, touch) of animals and how they contribute to animal behavior."

Identify and describe the innate behavioral patterns of animals.

"Describe social relationships involved in behavioral adjustment and adaptation (e.g., animal-to-animal and human-to-animal interaction)."

Interpret an animal’s intent based on its vocalization, body posture and chemical means of communication.

Recognize behavior abnormalities and recommend corrective action.

Humanely handle, restrain and move animals.

Identity and describe the life expectancy and use of animals.

Identify and describe the impacts of animal welfare and handling on meat quality and food safety.

Biosecurity: Connect the sources and causes of contamination and develop the protocols to implement biosecurity procedures.

Investigate sources and origins of agents that can contaminate processed and unprocessed food products.

Identify activities and biological agents that contribute to the risk of acquiring or preventing a specific disease.

Identify sources of biological and chemical tampering points.

Assess a facility's biosecurity, classify the level of risk and recommend improvements.

Implement biosecurity procedures to prevent cross-site contamination (e.g., proper use and disposal of personal protective equipment [PPE] from site to site, vehicle cleaning between farm and processing site).

Screen and test animals and plant products for infectious agents or contamination.

Select bio-containment practices (e.g., quarantine, eradicate, showering into facilities) to manage pests and diseases.

Manage the biosecurity of raw materials and finished products during transportation (e.g., security seals, chain of custody).

Structural Electrical Circuits: Describe features of an electrical schematic that illustrates a wiring system and interpret and install the design.

Describe over-current protective devices and their functions.

Identify and apply basic troubleshooting with electrical systems and circuits.

Identify key information and follow manufacturer's recommendation to repair or replace motors per manufactuer specifications.

Map circuits and label the service panel directory to reflect devices installed on each circuit.

Calculate service requirements for an electrical installation and evaluate for safe capacity.

Identify types of cable, conduit, boxes, switches, outlets and other common wiring devices.Identify types of cable, conduit, boxes, switches, outlets and other common wiring devices.

Identify fasteners, anchors and fire stop systems.

"Select materials and lay out rough-in wiring runs according to specifications, drawings and code requirements."

Select and install lighting technologies and systems.

Make conductor terminations and connect appliances to circuits.

Design and Estimate: Interpret basic site plan for a desired outcome or company specification.

Identify and interpret symbols, drawings, prints, and blueprints.

Identify material, inputs and equipment needs based on availability to calculate costs in production or application.

Establish the sequential steps of construction and installation.

Apply proportional measurement and scale techniques.

Complete a site inventory and analysis, including physical conditions, code and utilities requirements and the environmental impact.

Develop a program list, including intended use, budget, economics, customer wants and needs and maintenance.

Identify and apply the principles of balance, proportion, scale, focal point, emphasis, rhythm, harmony and unity to create a design.

Identify and apply the elements of line, function, form, texture and color to create a design.

Identify and apply design, organizational, and spatial principles into a design.

"Calculate the space requirements and compute various attributes, including length, angle measurement, surface area and volume."

Identify construction documents, common scales, specifications and materials used in construction or fabrication.

Surveying and Mapping: Perform surveying procedures to construct a site plan.

Identify civil drafting symbols and abbreviations.

Interpret maps, topographic site plans, deeds and aerial or satellite imagery for site planning.

Perform site measurements.

Integrate map and surveying data into geographic information system (GIS) or computer aided design (CAD) software.

Identify topographical and existing features of areas, including property lines, benchmarks, utilities, streets and setbacks, on survey maps, parcel maps and plats.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Employ GIS computer applications to interpret data, maps and land use.

Interpret and evaluate the accuracy of digital imagery and aerial photography.

Identify desired user outcomes and create suitable instruction sheets and check sheets.

Assess soil compaction and analyze the correlation between soil compaction data and pixel value.

Identify suitability of given area for agricultural applications.

Analyze zonal statistics and perform raster manipulation.

Interpret results to create crop reports, prescriptions and application maps.

Conduct a temporal analysis to prepare recommendations.

Use geospatial technology to develop soil sampling grids or identify sampling sites for testing characteristics such as nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium content, pH, or micronutrients.

Explain map projections and the use of scales.

Describe GIS data structures (e.g., vector, grid, triangulated irregular network [TIN]).

Explain digital elevation methods (e.g., digital elevation model [DEM], global positioning system [GPS]).

Interpret spatial interpolation and two- and three-dimensional functional spatial analyses.

Demonstrate ranging methods.

Identify sources of errors in GIS and formulate corrections and solutions.

Determine one’s position on the earth using GPS.

Integrate GPS data into GIS applications.

Construction: Follow architectural plans to construct and repair agricultural structures and hardscapes.

Compare and contrast the structural properties, grades and types of construction materials.

Install and repair draft stops, weather stripping, thermal insulation and vapor barriers.

Analyze a surface’s condition and select and apply abrasives and fillers.

Contrast surface coatings and apply under appropriate environmental conditions.

Review and apply facility and fencing options in a production setting.

Lay out, cut, smooth, shape and bore construction materials.

Lay out, cut and install decks and floors.

Lay out, cut, assemble and brace framing components.

Lay out, cut and install stairs and steps.

Lay out, cut and install roof framing, roof trim accessories and roofing materials.

Install exterior doors and window units with hardware.

Install exterior sheathing and siding with trim accessories.

Install and repair glass, rigid plastic panels or film plastic.

Brick, Block, Concrete: Follow a design layout to install a structure using bricks, pavers, blocks, stone or concrete.

Describe the physical properties of bricks, pavers, mortar, blocks and concrete.

Layout and install anchor bolts in concrete.

Install joints in concreate (e.g. expansion, saw cut vs tooled joint).

Select curing, coloring and texturing additives or specialty finishes and apply to concrete for a specific purpose.

Explain the chemical reactions within and between materials.

Describe air ratio and slump.

Perform layout and elevations using measurements to scale.

Mix, place and finish bricks, pavers, blocks, stone or concrete.

Install cut bricks, pavers, blocks, stone or concrete with or without adhesives.

Install footers, lintels, sills, poured walls, floors and accessories per manufacturer's specifications.

Install gravel and sand pads.

Layout and construct forms and reinforce them using steel, wire and other materials.

Water Distribution Systems: Calculate the demand for specific water applications and design and install water supply and drainage components.

Calculate water demand for specific applications.

Explain the impact of modifying structural members to accommodate supply and drainage lines.

Join pipe, pipefittings and valves of similar and dissimilar materials using solder, brazing, solvents and mechanical means of joining.

Connect plumbing fixtures and appliances to a supply and drainage system.

Compare and contrast sources of contamination in water supplies and methods of filtering and disinfecting water.

Prevent freezing and mechanical damage to pipes.

Describe how water moves from the source through the water distribution system to the fixture.

Test a water supply and drainage system for leaks and pressure using soap, inert gas, electronic sensors and fluorescent dye.

Maintain plumbing fixtures.

Identify, describe and install cross connection and backflow prevention devices.

Compare the types, applications and operating principles of pumps and controls.v

Locate water system entry points, walls and chases.

Identify components of supply and drainage systems and describe their functions.

Describe how waste moves from a fixture through the drain system to the environment.

Describe factors that are considered when planning and installing a supply and drainage system.

Estimate and compute length, angle of measurement, area, surface area and volume to calculate pipe legs and pipe sizes.

Calculate the slope required for drainage components.

Select supply and drainage components based on their application for a given purpose.

Physics and Metallurgy of Welding: Apply the physics and metallurgy of welding in joining materials.

Assess how the welding arc produces a weld.

Identify and describe the changes during solidification.

Identify and describe concepts of common crystal structures in metallic materials.

Identify and describe the types of weld imperfections and indicate their effects on material properties.

Identify the factors that affect the deposit of weld metal and melting (e.g. speed, metal type, travel speed, amps, voltage, angles of electrode).

Describe the effects of arc length and shielding gases on the arc.

Identify key variables that determine the type of metal transfers.

Analyze the relationship between wire feed speed and welding current.

Describe pulsed arc transfer mode.

Compare and contrast the relationship of wire size to deposition rate and current ranges.

Compare constant current and constant voltage power sources and how they relate to the self regulation of arcs.

Explain conditions when arc blow occurs and how to reduce arc blow.

Environmental Science: Learners apply earth, life and physical sciences to the production, extraction, processing, protection, use and renewal of both renewable and non-renewable resources.

Soils: Apply knowledge of soil characteristics and soil information resources to overcome any existing soil use limitations while maintaining or improving soil quality.

Identify soil forming factors and explain how they produce variability in soils.

Assess basic processes(e.g., slope stability, water control, earth material control, vegetative treatment, soil amdments) of soil reclamation.

Describe the relationship among physical properties of soils.

Collect, test and analyze soil samples for physical and chemical properties.

Identify and describe factors (e.g., climate, soil texture, mineralogy, soil organisms, drainage co-efficient, land use, vegetation types, management practices) affecting organic matter and its function in soil quality.

Determine land use and identify land capabilities classes.

Identify and describe soil conservation practices to reduce soil erosion and compaction.

Compare and contrast the causes and effects of soil erosion.

Describe soil limitations in agronomic, urban and natural resource practices.

Evaluate soil survey data and implement management decisions.

Ecosystems: Evaluate biotic and abiotic components and relationships in ecosystems to apply restoration and conservation practices that maintain functionality.

Describe ecological levels, including population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere.

Describe the relationship between evolution and ecosystems.

Distinguish the flow of energy through ecosystems.

Identify and classify interactions among organisms, including predation, symbiosis and competition, to determine species interdependent relationships.

Describe the process of succession and its impact on ecosystems.

Connect biotic interactions with the abiotic environment.

Describe biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, hydrological) and their roles in maintaining equilibrium in an ecosystem.

Identify interactions of ecosystems to differentiate biomes.

Select and implement restoration ecology practices to repair damaged ecosystems.

Identify and describe impacts of native and non-native invasive species on an ecosystem.

Habitat Management and Restoration: Develop a plan for the management and restoration of a specific habitat.

Differentiate the properties and characteristics of habitats.

Examine sites and place them into ecological classifications.

Evaluate the current and historical (e.g., industrialism, agriculture, climent change) imapcts of human interactions on ecosystems and habitats.

Identify and differentiate extinct, endangered, extirpated, threatened, and species of concern.

Survey and monitor species within a habitat.

Explain the role of various stakeholders, including individuals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), corporations and governments in habitat restoration and conservation.

Implement techniques used in habitat management, mitigation, enhancement and restoration.

Develop a management plan for the restoration and sustainability of a specific habitat using environmental practices that enhance biological diversity.

Implement habitat restoration and sustainability management plan environmental practices

Parks and Recreational Management: Demonstrate a basic understanding of the foundation of the park and recreation profession and their associate industries in history, theory, science, and philosophy.

Identify and describe the principal concepts of leisure ( Time, Activity, and State of Mind).

Identify and describe flow theory (Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi) and how it may be applied to leisure, play, and recreation.

Identify and describe legislative and historical events that have significantly impacted leisure, play, and recreation in the United States.

Identify and describe the nature and scope of park, recreation, tourism or related professions and their associated industries.

Identify the relationship between culture, values and recreation/leisure participation in the U.S. through the process of conducting cultural interviews.

Identify and describe the leisure needs and opportunities of community that can be facilitated through parks and recreation management.

Identify and describe individual and community barriers that can impede engagement in leisure, play, and recreation.

Water Quality: Analyze, interpret and manage the biological, chemical and physical properties of water quality.

Assess and explain the interactions between human activities and the Earth’s hydrosphere (e.g., septic systems, desalinization, point and non-point source pollution).

Measure pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen and phosphores in lentic and lotic waters to determine water quality.

Measure vegetation, temperature, turbidity, macroinvertebrate populations, and bacterial quality in lentic and lotic waters to determine water quality.

Explain the hydrological cycle and how human and animal activity impacts the cycle.

Explain the biotic and abiotic factors affecting water quality.

Monitor and analyze water quality and quantity.

Identify and describe best management and industry (e.g., agriculture, timber production, construction) production practices that maintain or improve water quality.

Air Quality: Analyze, interpret and manage the biological, chemical and physical properties of air quality.

Determine the chemical and physical properties of air (e.g., composition, density, pressure).

Explain biogeochemical cycles (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) and how they relate to the biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere.

Explain the effects of carbon dioxide sequestration on air quality.

Analyze the importance of air quality to humans and other living organisms.

Explain human and natural factors (e.g., transportation, farming practices, greenhouse gases, forest fires, volcanic eruptions) affecting air quality.

Monitor and evaluate air composition, quality and quantity with direct reading instruments (e.g., combustible gases, oxygen, ammonia).

Assess the potential for air contamination at a specific site.

Identify and describe best management and industry (e.g., agriculture, timber production, construction) production practices that maintain or improve air quality.

Water Use and Management: Collect, analyze and interpret data for a localized water use and management plan.

Explain the domains of hydrology.

Describe the geological and meteorological principles affecting water supplies.

Identify and describe types of tests (e.g., Well Yield Test, Pumping Test ) used to determin groudwater potential and discharge rates.

Identify and describe uses of suface water flow measurments (e.g., stage, stage-discharge curve, peak stage, instantaneous flow, estimation of annual dischare).

Interpret surface water flow measurments (e.g., stage, stage-discharge curve, peak stage, instantaneous flow, estimation of annual dischare).

Evaluate water collection, storage and distribution systems (e.g., wells, ponds, runoff, waterways, irrigation).

Identify and describe watersheds and their structures (e.g., flowing waters, still water, and upland areas.)

Identify and describe risk factors for potential surface water and groundwater contamination.

Identify and describe best management practices that conserve and sustain water.

Potable Water Treatment: Monitor the water treatment processes for potable water at a specific site.

Identify and assess the characteristics of potable water treatment and the sources of water.

Collect and analyze water samples to determine potability.

Describe components of a water treatment facility.

Monitor the water treatment process (e.g., aeration, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection).

Monitor the control and treatment of chemical and biological contaminants (e.g., trihalomethanes, lead, bacteria, nitrates) in water.

Describe taste and odor control in water treatment.

Identify methods for backflow prevention.

Wastewater Operations: Monitor the wastewater collection and treatment methods for a specific site.

Identify the components of a wastewater treatment system.

Collect wastewater samples using industry approved standard operating procedures.

Identify, analyze and reconcile the components of wastewater samples using industry approved standard operating procedures.

Identify normal and abnormal conditions in wastewater collection and treatment systems.

Describe the processes of wastewater treatment (e.g., mixing, coagulation, flocculation, disinfection, treatment system, effluent disposal, solids management).

Identify and describe methods for cross-connection and backflow prevention.

Locate, identify and inventory wastewater assessts.

Solid Waste and Renewable Resource Management: Control and process solid waste using current and alternative technologies.

Collect, analyze and treat solid waste materials (e.g., livestock mortalities, manure, garbage, food waste).

Determine type and volume of solid waste generated by an operation or facility.

Distinguish the risks associated with solid waste accumulation, utilization and disposal.

Determine an acceptable site for solid waste disposal.

Compare the processes of aerobic and anaerobic waste decomposition.

Describe and monitor solid waste disposal procedures (e.g., landfill, compost).

Describe and monitor solid waste disposal procedures and management procedures (e.g., composting, incineration, recycling, burial, bio digester).

"Explain the control processes and potential uses for solid waste byproducts (e.g., leachate, ash, landfill gas, biosolids, methane, manure)."

Describe standard operating procedures and identify design requirements for specific purposes (e.g., landfill, lagoon, leachate treatment).

Evaluate site closure methods and post-closure monitoring.

Contaminants and Pollution Control: Assess an affected area, determine the source and type of contaminant and respond.

Collect, record and analyze environmental samples and interpret the results.

Identify and contact local emergency response teams.

Analyze environmental conditions that influence environmental response.

Determine the types, sources and impact of natural, human-made contaminants, and high-risk contaminants

Monitor, analyze and quantify levels of contaminants from point and non-point sources.

Monitor noise and light pollution and recommend abatement measures.

Describe the environmental impact from both industrial and nonindustrial processes.

Identify, comply with, and implement best management practices for contaminant control, remediation and prevention (e.g., biological, sanitation, buffer strips).

Identify, describe, and recommend remediation strategies for a release of contaminant to soil, surface water or groundwater.

Monitor and conduct remediation activities.

Identify and describe requierments to develop and implement various emergency response plans.

Hazardous Materials and Waste Management: Follow and apply handling, storage and recording procedures for hazardous materials and waste.

Identify and differentiate solid waste, hazardous waste, toxic waste and radioactive waste streams.

Identify hazardous materials that can be recycled.

"Describe health and safety practices for reducing risks from hazardous materials (e.g., safety data sheet [SDS], employer notification forms, personal protective equipment [PPE])."

Demonstrate appropriate responses for major types of hazardous materials disasters.

Locate and use information addressing hazardous substance discharge.

Demonstrate safe management, handling, disposal and recycling procedures for hazardous materials and waste.

Perform site assessments to detect and identify the presence and storage of hazardous materials.

Identify and describe collection procedures for hazardous materials and waste and interpret results.

Identify and describe procedures to transport and store hazardous materials in accordance with regulations.

Prepare and maintain hazardous material handling documentation.

Food Science: Learners apply principles of biology, chemistry and physics to the research, development, production, processing and distribution of food products meeting food safety and quality assurance standards in a secure system.

The Science of Food: Differentiate the structures, functions and sources of ingredients and the roles they play in food product development for human nutrition.

Classify components of foods into nutrient categories.

Identify and describe the functions of food additives in food products.

Identify and describe regulations regarding food additives.

Identify the characteristics and properties of mixtures and select and apply appropriate chemical or biological separation techniques.

Identify sources and forms of energy in foods.

Measure and describe the role of pH in food processing and storage.

Measure and describe water activity and differentiate how water activity affects food functionality and storage.

"Describe the composition and structure of sugars, complex carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and proteins. "

Identify sources of sugars, complex carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and proteins, and their nutritional contributions to dietary needs.

Relate the functions and physical properties of simple and complex carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and proteins (i.e., functional ingredients) to the manufacturing of food products.

Describe the roles of enzymes as catalysts and the factors that affect enzyme activity.

Differentiate the metabolic processes and the factors that affect metabolic changes in the human body, including anabolism, catabolism and basal metabolism.

Quality Assurance: Inspect the food production process, and locate potential sources of food quality and safety deviations in facilities.

Describe the types of spoilage (e.g., oxidation, microbial), their sources and impact.

Describe the relationship between timeliness of processing or production to product quality.

Identify the importance of data collection and management and its relationship to a quality assurance program.

Record and manage data relevant to a quality assurance program.

Describe the quality attributes (e.g. color, flavor, texture) that a food product possesses.

Identify molds, bacteria, virtuses, prions and yeast and describe their roles in food production.

Identify molds, bacteria, virtuses, prions and yeast and describe how they reproduce and factors that affect their growth.

Test food quality through chemical, microbiological, sensory and physical methods.

Evaluate, inspect and select raw food products for manufacturing, based on raw ingredient specifications.

Develop a quality check list, based on finished food product attributes, specifications and regulations.

Identify elements commonly included on the principal display and information panels on a food product.

Compare and contrast food safety, food fraud, and food defense.

Meat Science: Identify the role of inspection, sanitation, food safety, and proper harvesting practices; the role of carcass evaluation and grading on meat quality and percent saleable products and cutting guidelines from primal to retail meat cuts.

"Identify the benefits and roles of antemortum inspection in relation to food safety. "

Calculate percentage saleable product from yield grades utilizing the USDA formula in estimating percent boneless closely trimmed retail cuts.

Calculate beef carcass value using a grid-based marketing system.

Fabricate carcasses into species-specific wholesale and retail cuts.

Identify the benefits and roles of postmortum inspection in relation to food safety.

Describe humane harvesting techniques and their impact on meat quality.

Remove and inspect offal postmortem for signs of disease or contamination.

Prepare a carcass through species-specific techniques for postmortum inspection.

Describe the role and impacts of the conversion of muscle to meat on meat quality.

"Evaluate and describe the role of marbling on overall quality grade. "

Evaluate retail cuts of meat to determine both quality and economic value.

Determine the maturity of an animal using skeletal ossification and lean maturity ratings, and determine those impacts on the overall quality grade per USDA grading.

Food Production and Processing: Process a safe shelf stable food product for distribution and consumption.

Describe the processes used in food preservation, control the variables, and apply biological processing methods.

Determine the environmental impacts and manage the wastes of processing a food product.

Describe the process of dehydration and concentration, control the variables that affect the quality of dried foods and apply the methods.

Describe the functions and types of packaging operations, equipment and materials and use them to manufacture food products (e.g., metal, glass, paper, plastic, film, laminates, edible coatings, biodegradable).

Process food through mixing, grinding, pumping and washing and describe the physical change in the food product.

Identify and apply food grading systems and standards of identity.

Compare and contrast storage and distribution methods for shelf-stable and non-shelf-stable products.

"Differentiate among beneficial microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, mold, yeast) and their uses in food production."

"Process food products through biological processing. "

Describe the role of enzymes as catalysts and factors that affect enzyme activity in the fermentation process.

Food Product Development: Apply principles of nutrition and human behavior to create a new food prototype.

Conduct a sensory evaluation of food products.

Identify consumer preferences, trends and opportunities affecting food product development.

Manipulate ingredients to meet a desired product goal.

"Identify nutrient values, serving sizes, and nutrient variability for a food product. "

Calculate the amounts of restricted ingredients in food products.

Develop a food product package and label according to industry standards.

Estimate the shelf life and potential changes in attributes over time.

"Create a new product roll out plan (e.g., concept, bench trial, market assessment, industrial trial, consumer acceptance)."

Food Safety and Sanitation: Describe a food safety and sanitation plan, addressing processing facility needs and contamination points.

Identify and control food product allergens.

Identify the government agencies involved in the regulation and governance of food production.

Compare and contrast food security and food defense.

Identify sources of physical, biological, radiological, and chemical tampering points.

Manage the biosecurity of raw materials and finished products during transportation.

Establish and implement procedures for preoperational inspection and cleaning.

Identify the sources and most prevalent types of food borne bacteria and pathogens to account for the potential of their entrance into the food supply.

Describe good manufacturing practices and the corrrelating corrective actions.

"Identify and describe food-bourne hazards. "

Identify and describe points in production where food safety hazards can be controlled.

Identify and describe critical limits.

Identify and describe a corrective active plan.

Identify the key activities (e.g., recall exercise, regulatory notification) of a recall program.

Plant Science: Learners apply principles of plant anatomy, physiology, nutrition and genetics to the research and development, selection and reproduction, planting, fertilization, health, harvesting and management of plants in a domestic and/or natural environment.

Plant Nutrition: Select and apply macronutrients and micronutrients based on deficiencies identified from the use of industry-driven testing, application, methods and optimum management strategies that account for environmental factors.

Compare and contrast organic and inorganic sources of macronutrients and micronutrients.

Determine the nutrient content of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Select the methods and time of nutrient application and apply nutrients.

Describe and apply the 5 R's of nutrient management: (1)right source of fertilizer at the (2) right rate at the (3) right time in the (4) right place with the (5) right irrigation method .

"Describe the functions of macronutrients and micronutrients in plants and the role that microorganisms play in plant nutrition."

Identify and describe the nutrient recommendations of a plant for a desired production setting.

Identify symptoms and causes of plant nutrient deficiencies and toxicities.

Collect soil and plant tissue for testing and analysis using standard industry practice.

Analyze and draw conclusions from soil and plant tissue test data and determine management recommendations for increase production, increase profitability, enhance environmental protection and improved suitability

Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., soil type, minerals, pH, microorganisms) that influence and optimize the availability of nutrients for plants.

Calculate nutrient requirements and select nutrient sources and additives for the highest potential yield.

Calculate nutrient requirements and select nutrient sources and additives for highest return on investment.

Plant Reproduction: Propagate plants and cultivars for specific performance characteristics under a variety of production systems.

Identify the reproductive anatomy of plants and describe their physiological functions.

Describe how biotic and abiotic factors(e.g., insects, light, temperature, microorganisms, moisture, location) influence plant reproduction.

Compare and contrast variations of plant reproductive systems among plant species.

Describe how artificial selection methods are used in plant breeding to improve plant traits.

Select and apply methods of asexual plant propagation.

Pest Management: Develop and implement an integrated pest management (IPM) plan by scouting and identifying specific plant pests and the damage they cause and apply specialized control methods.

Identify and classify insects, weeds, pathogen, animal pests, and describe the damages they cause.

Examine the interrelationships of the disease triangle among host, pathogen and environment.

Analyze and calculate the economic threshold of pest damage.

Determine the compenents of an intergated pest management plans and related safety practices.

Describe native and transgenic adaptions and modifications that have led to plant tolerance or resistance to fungal, bacteria and insect pests.

Describe the types and functions of biological, mechanical, and chemical control methods.

Develop an IPM plan, based on pest life cycles, available treatments, application methods and evaluate it's impact on the environment (e.g. drift, application rate and long term soil health).

Growth and Management: Explain, manage and manipulate plants through all stages of growth and development.

Identify and classify plants using taxonomy.

Understand the environmental and artificial factors that influence plant germination, growth and development.

Select, evaluate and prepare soil or media for planting.

Understand and evaluate the process by which plants are selected in relation to production use.

Evaluate and implement planting practices.

Describe factors related to seed quality, treatment, and density that affect emergence, stand uniformity and seedling health.

Evaluate and implement transplanting practices.

Control plant growth through mechanical and chemical means.

Analyze plant water requirements and describe methods of irrigation.

Compare and contrast inorganic and organic production practices.

Identify and describe production practices that lead to plant resistance and tolerance.

Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors that influence plant stress.

Identify plant anatomical structures and their functions.

Compare and contrast management practices in controlled and natural growing environments.

Identify and classify seeds.

Identify and classify plants and describe management decisions at all stages.

Explain the requirements of photosynthesis and identify the products and byproducts.

Explain the process and importance of transpiration in plant growth and development.

Understand aerobic respiration and its relationship to plant growth and management.

Explain primary and secondary plant growth.

Identify plant responses to plant growth regulators and different forms of tropism.

Harvesting: Describe and implement harvesting methods.

Determine crop readiness for saleability and environmental conditions that can impact crop quality at harvest.

Describe safety precautions to take when harvesting.

Evaluate techniques to maximize yield through mechanical or hand harvesting methods.

Calculate and evaluate potential yield and loss due to harvesting.

Evaluate the impact of harvest techniques on the quality of plants and plant products.

Identify and implement harvesting methods and equipment.

Implement management practices to reduce loss.

Handling and Storage: Handle and store plants and plant products to maximize quality and longevity.

Describe safety precautions in handling and storage practices.

Explain, monitor, and manipulate conditions for optimal handling and storage of plants and plant products.

Calculate potential yield and loss due to processing and storage.

Prepare products for sale, transportation and storage.

Identify storage methods and storage capacity for plants and plant products.

Explain the reasons for preparing plants and plant products for distribution.

Implement and evaluate techniques for grading, handling, blending, segerating, packaging and loading plants and plant products for distribution or transportation.

Energy: Learners apply principles of physics, chemistry, earth sciences and mathematics to energy sources, transformations, acquisitions, applications and their impacts.

Energy Sources: Identify energy sources according to their economic viability, sustainability and environmental impact.

Identify, compare and contrast fossil fuel sources (e.g., oil, natural gas, and coal) and the technology used to generate energy.

Identify, compare and contrast renewable energy sources and the technology used to generate energy.

Identify, compare and contrast alternative and emerging energy sources and technology used to generate energy (e.g., fuel cells, hydrogen, nuclear).

Identify the social, economic and environmental drivers and barriers that influence the development and use of energy sources.

Identify and describe energy density properties of different types of fuel sources according to industry standards.

"Trace the transformations of energy within a system (e.g., mechanical to electrical, chemical to mechanical)."

Identify and describe best management practices (e.g., carbon sequestration, conservation, animal safety, efficiency) that lessen environmental impact.

Crude Oil and Natural Gas: Describe the processes for exploring, drilling, producing, transporting, refining and marketing products of cruel oil and natural gas.

Describe the role of geology in the formation, migration and trapping of crude oil and natural gas.

Assess how crude oil and natural gas wells are placed, designed and installed.

Identify and explain the processes associated with drilling (e.g., rig types, blowout prevention, drilling fluids, casing, cementing).

"Evaluate different environmental and safety procedures for the storage, containment, transporting, recycling, processing and disposing of drilling liquids (e.g., drilling fluids, brine, flow-back)."

Identify and apply the appropriate permits and governance associated with crude oil and natural gas production.

Identify the different processes for producing, treating, transporting, processing crude oil and natural gas byproducts.

Identify and describe equipment used in the extraction and processing of crude oil and natural gas for up, mid, and down streams process.

Identify the products and byproducts of crude oil and natural gas.

Biomass: Describe and manage processes required to extract energy from biomass.

Identify applications for biomass energy production.

Describe the thermal, chemical and biochemical methods of converting biomass into energy.

Identify feedstock materials used to produce biofuels and compare the energy potential of each material.

Identify and differentiate the aerobic and anaerobic digestion of biomass.

Test source materials and final products and compare the results to industry standards.

Process source materials for energy conversion.

Identify and describe technical standards and governance for on placing agricultural, commercial, and industrial biomass operations.

Identify the byproducts generated in the production of biofuels and their use and disposal according to industry standards.

Identify and describe storage and distribution systems for biofuels.

Solar Energy: Plan, install and maintain a solar array that can collect, store and distribute solar energy.

Identify the different types of solar energy devices (e.g., photovoltaic [PV], solar thermal, concentrating solar power [CSP]) and how they produce energy.

Conduct a site evaluation to identify an appropriate solar panel installation.

Select the appropriate solar energy application for commercial and residential use.

Identify the basic design and components of a solar installation.

Identify and describe technical standards and governance for a residential, community, utility solar energy installation.

Review and interpret an electric schematic and site plan for a solar energy installation.

Install, test and maintain a solar energy installation.

Identify and describe project decommissioning recycling and disposal methods for a solar energy installation.

Wind Energy: Plan and maintain a wind energy installation that captures, stores and distributes electrical energy.

Describe the internal and external components of wind energy technologies and installations.

Conduct a site evaluation to identify an appropriate wind turbine installation.

Identify and describe technical standards and governance for wind energy technologies and installations.

Identify, describ,e and differentiate wind technologies used for wind energy production.

Select and design an appropriate wind energy installation for commercial and residential applications.

Review and interpret an electric schematic and site plan for a wind energy installation.

Install, test and maintain components of a wind energy installation.

Identify and describe project decommissioning recycling and disposal methods for a wind energy installation.

Social and Emotional Skills

Manage one’s own emotions and behavior.

Describe factors that create stress or motivate successful performance.

Describe the nature of emotional intelligence.

Apply strategies to motivate successful performance and to manage stress.

Analyze how thoughts and emotions affect decision making and responsible behavior.

Evaluate how expressing one’s own emotions in different situations affects others.

Develop methods and implement strategies to control impulses.

Generate ways to develop positive attitudes and develop replacement strategies.

Discuss how expressing positive attitudes influences others.

Channel emotions into something more positive.

Resolve conflicts to maximize positive outcomes.

Describe how conflict originates and impacts behavior.

Identify the basic psychological needs that motivate behavior (e.g. belonging, power, freedom).

Discuss the roles that different values play in generating conflict.

Identify how the effects of substance abuse, mental health, personality, economics, education and disabilities can create conflict.

Describe different responses to conflict as they relate to results.

Describe the soft response approach (e.g. avoidance, compromise and accommodation) and the typical reasons for using that approach.

Describe the hard response approach (e.g. force, threats, aggression and anger) and the typical reasons for using that approach.

Describe the principled response approach (e.g. good communication skills, problem solving skills and the ability to see the problem from more than one perspective) and the typical reasons for using that approach.

Describe ways to anticipate conflict before it arises in order to avoid dealing with it.

Recognize that conflict can be positive and an opportunity for better decision-making.

Resolve conflicts with diplomacy to maximize positive outcomes.

Embrace change as an opportunity.

Discuss how change can be an opportunity.

Demonstrate optimism in a changing environment.

Recognize rapid, constant change as the “new normal.”

Identify ways to take advantages of change.

Develop and use networking techniques to create professional relationships.

Explain the importance of professional networking.

Identify ways that people network.

Utilize a personal pitch or “elevator speech.”

Use social media to network.

Demonstrate networking skills.

Develop a personal message to communicate your value.

Describe negative consequences that can occur from personal data placed on social networking sites.

Manage stressful situations.

Explain the nature of stress management.

Apply stress management techniques to the appropriate situation.

Recognize that most negative situations are not meant as personal affronts.

Recognize that a person’s perception is her/his reality.

Focus on the person’s perspective during stressful situations.

Use appropriate assertiveness.

Identify the positive components of stress.

Use stress effectively.

Implement teamwork techniques.

Define teamwork as it occurs in various situations.

Evaluate team processes.

Encourage team building.

Motivate team members.

Use facilitation skills in a team environment.

Identify a team mission.

Identify characteristics of a team player.

Participate as a team member.

Acknowledge other team members’ contributions.

Add to other team members’ contributions.

Assist team members as needed.

Use consensus building skills.

Create trust.

Negotiate agreements.

Employ leadership skills.

Explain the concept of leadership.

Demonstrate entrepreneurial spirit in personal and professional life (e.g. innovation, creativity, initiative).

Investigate the benefits and risks of having an entrepreneurial spirit.

Know when to lead and when to follow.

Recognize the contributions of all employees to the greater good.

Distinguish between leadership and management.

Determine personal vision.

Demonstrate adaptability.

Demonstrate a goal orientation.

Demonstrate skills to lead positive, needed changes.

Develop an action plan to accomplish benchmarks.

Lead by example.

Enlist others in working toward a shared vision.

Manage internal and external relationships to foster positive interactions.

Treat others fairly.

Describe ethics in human resources issues.

Foster positive relationships.

Embrace diversity (e.g. personality, age, gender, religion).

Maintain collaborative partnerships with colleagues.

Explain the impact of culture within an organization.

Recognize character traits and external supports for best performance.

Describe how character traits influence choices and successes.

Describe how making use of school and community supports and opportunities can contribute to school and life success.

Build personal strengths and identify areas for improvement.

Explain, develop and utilize positive adult role models and support systems contribute to school and life success.

Implement a plan to build on strengths, meet a personal need or address a challenge.

Evaluate how developing interests and filling useful roles support school and life success.

Demonstrate skills related to achieving personal and academic goals.

Set a short-term goal and make a plan for achieving it.

Identify strategies to make use of resources and overcome obstacles to achieve goals.

Apply strategies to overcome obstacles to achieve goal.

Monitor progress toward achieving a goal.

Evaluate performance against identified criteria.

Analyze why the goal was achieved or not achieved.

Recognize and respect the feelings and perspectives of others.

Predict others’ feelings and perspectives in a variety of situations.

Analyze how one’s behavior may impact others.

Analyze similarities and differences between one’s own and others’ perspectives.

Use conversation skills to understand others’ feeling and perspectives.

Demonstrate how to express understanding of those who hold different opinions.

Demonstrate ways to express empathy for others.

Respect the privacy of others.

Explain how cultural differences can impact people’s perspectives.

Discuss individual and group similarities and differences.

Explain how individual, social and cultural differences may lead to conflict and discuss how to address this.

Describe how personal choice influences others.

Explain the origins and negative effects of stereotyping and prejudice.

Demonstrate respect for individuals’ social and cultural groups.

Identify strategies for being respectful of others and opposing stereotyping and prejudice.

Describe how advocacy for the rights of others contribute to the common good.

Value the differences in others.

Exhibit cultural sensitivity.

Resolve interpersonal conflicts in a constructive way.

Use strategies for preventing and resolving interpersonal problems.

Define peer pressure and evaluate strategies for dealing with it.

Describe how listening and communicating effectively help in resolving conflicts.

Discuss how conflict-resolution skills contribute to work within a group.

Describe the effects of using negotiation skills to reach solutions.

Identify current conflict-resolution skills and plan how to improve them.

Apply decision-making skills to handle daily academic and social situations.

Describe how decision-making skills improve study habits and academic skills to establish responsible social and work relationships.

Evaluate personal abilities to gather information, generate alternatives, and anticipate the consequences of decisions.

Apply decision-making skills to establish responsible social and work relationships.

Describe how present decision-making affects college and career choices.

Explain how responsible decision-making affects interpersonal and group relationships.

Contribute to the well-being of one’s school and community.

Review one’s school and community service participation.

Plan, implement and evaluate one’s participation in activities and organizations that improve school climate and contribute to one’s local community.

Work cooperatively with others to plan, implement and evaluate a community or school service project.

Develop personal traits to foster career advancement.

Identify desirable personality traits important to business.

Demonstrate a willingness to learn.

Exhibit self-confidence without arrogance.

Demonstrate interest and enthusiasm.

Demonstrate initiative.

Explain the concept of self-esteem.

Demonstrate responsible behavior.

Demonstrate honesty and integrity.

Demonstrate ethical work habits.

Explain energy and passion for work.

Customer Service

Explain the role of customer service.

Explain how customer service excellence improves the image of the company.

Describe how customer service facilitates sales.

Identify the customer for a product or business center (both internal and external customers).

Identify how entry-level employees are involved in customer service.

Respond appropriately and in a timely manner to internal and external customers to foster positive relationships.

Explain the nature of positive customer relations.

Demonstrate a customer service mindset.

Reinforce service orientation through communication.

Respond to customer inquiries appropriately and with correct verbiage.

Respond appropriately to situations when a customer is at fault.

Appropriately interpret business policies to customer.

Handle difficult customers and customer/client complaints.

Identify ways to recover from difficult customer situations.

Analyze product and service offerings for a business.

Identify types and sources of product and service offerings.

Describe guidelines to follow when acquiring product and service offerings.

Analyze product and service offerings to determine when it is appropriate to use each choice.

Explain the features and benefits of products and services.

Establish a relationship with customer/client.

Describe the importance of establishing relationships with customers/clients.

Explain techniques and procedures for establishing relationships.

Demonstrate the process of developing a relationship with a customer.

Assess customer needs.

Describe reasons for asking questions.

Explain the importance of questioning and listening to assess customer needs.

Explain the importance of timing in asking questions.

Describe types of questions (open-ended, probing, etc.) and when they are best used.

Question customers to assess needs.

Educate customer about products and services.

Match customer needs to appropriate products and services.

Relate product and service benefits and features to the customer.

Provide product and service information to customer.

Follow policies in providing product and service information.

Recommend a solution to customer needs.

Economics

Explain fundamental economic concepts to obtain a foundation for employment in business.

Distinguish between economic goods and services.

Explain the concept of economic resources.

Describe the concepts of economic scarcity, choice and economic activities.

Determine economic utilities created by business activities.

Discuss the interactions of supply, demand and price.

Explain how scarce resources are allocated.

Discuss the concepts of opportunity cost.

Explain how consumers make choices.

Explain the principles of supply and demand.

Discuss the impact of elasticity on demand.

Describe the functions of prices in markets.

Explain the concept of equilibrium.

Describe the nature of business to show its contributions to society.

Explain the role of business in society.

Describe types of business activities.

Determine the relationship between government and business.

Determine the relationship between business and community.

Differentiate among economic systems to understand the environments in which businesses function.

Explain the types of economic systems.

Explain the concept of private enterprise.

Identify factors affecting a business’ profit.

Determine factors affecting business risk.

Explain the concept of competition.

Discuss productivity to understand its impact on business decision-making.

Explain the concept of productivity.

Describe the concept of economies of scale.

Describe the individual’s role in improving productivity.

Explain economic indicators to measure economic trends and conditions.

Explain measures used to analyze economic conditions, including the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, productivity and the rate of interest.

Discuss the measure of consumer spending as an economic indicator.

Discuss the impact of a nation’s unemployment rates.

Describe the economic impact of inflation on business.

Explain the economic impact of interest rate fluctuations.

Entrepreneurial Concepts

Describe the role of entrepreneurship.

Define “entrepreneurship” and discuss its scope.

Examine the long-term impact of entrepreneurship on the economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the roles of social, non-profit and for-profit businesses.

Describe the history of entrepreneurship.

Discuss the personal stories of entrepreneurs.

Describe life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Evaluate personal entrepreneurial potential.

Examine abilities and skills needed by entrepreneurs.

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of becoming an entrepreneur.

Explain ways that people become entrepreneurs.

Determine personal interests.

Assess personal strengths and weaknesses.

Assess skills, abilities, financing and timing.

Identify personal goals and objectives.

Conduct self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Describe types of business ownership.

Identify types of business ownership.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of partnerships.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of corporations.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of limited liability companies.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of franchises.

Describe global business options.

Describe a sole proprietorship form of ownership.

Explain the purposes of forming a partnership.

Describe types of partnership arrangements (e.g. majority or minority ownership, silent partnership).

Describe the process for forming a corporation.

Describe forms of corporations.

Explain ways in which corporations grow.

Describe the role of franchises in our society.

Describe the role of and process for forming limited liability companies (LLCs).

Identify and explore entrepreneurial opportunities.

Explore local, state, national and global trends and opportunities.

Explore environmental and technological changes and trends.

Consider innovation in current business products or strategies.

Describe idea-generation methods (e.g. brainstorming, creativity activities, research).

Identify emerging markets.

Generate venture ideas.

Determine feasibility of ideas.

Identify and assess opportunities for entrepreneurial ventures.

Determine viability of the business opportunity.

Determine feasibility of ideas.

Identify and assess opportunities for entrepreneurial ventures.

Describe entrepreneurial planning considerations (e.g. time commitment, money available, competition, size of the business, the idea itself).

Explain tools and resources used by entrepreneurs for venture planning (e.g. market research, local organizations, SCORE, chamber of commerce).

Assess risks and benefits associated with venture.

Assess whether external resources should be used to determine business opportunity’s viability.

Describe the differences involved when considering the viability of an internet business.

Embrace failure and learn from it.

Describe the importance of business planning.

Explain why businesses develop short-term and long-term plans.

Describe the components of a business plan.

Describe why business plans are important to a new business.

Explain how a business plan is used by an entrepreneur.

Explain how a business plan is used by a bank and investors.

Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking

Employ problem-solving skills to formulate solutions.

Identify steps to effective problem-solving.

State the problem completely and precisely.

Assemble and examine pertinent information.

Brainstorm potential solutions.

Interpret consequences to each possible solution.

Compare and contrast consequences and discuss underlying assumptions.

Identify the best solution based on risks, costs, ethics, laws and benefits.

Apply the best solution to the problem.

Demonstrate critical thinking techniques.

Identify critical thinking techniques (e.g. challenging ideas, asking questions, points of view, contexts).

Make connections between things that seem unrelated.

Develop tools to recognize false, poorly reasoned or improbable information.

Clarify assumptions when thinking critically.

Identify the importance of transferring skills to multiple situations.

Identify ways to improve logic and reasoning skills.

Combine critical thinking and team building skills to solve problems.

Collaborate with others to define problems.

Share ideas, facts, information and/or data with others.

State personal positions clearly and respect conflicting positions.

Accept and support group decisions even when different from a personal solution.

Build upon the ideas of others.

Capitalize on strengths and weaknesses of each team member.

Evaluate and adapt plans and schedules to respond to unexpected events and conditions.

Identify potential events and conditions that disrupt the completion of a job.

Incorporate potential job disruptions into planning time lines.

Solve situational problems involved with unexpected events and conditions.

Identify and assess critical situations and implement appropriate responses.

Adjust plans and schedules to reflect an unexpected change.

Provide a project update to track changes.

Use creativity and innovation.

Use a wide range of idea creation techniques (brainstorming, etc).

Create new and worthwhile ideas.

Review ideas to elaborate and refine them as needed.

Demonstrate originality and inventiveness in solving problems.

Embrace failure as an opportunity to learn.

Respond appropriately to diverse perspectives.

Act on creative ideas when appropriate.

Analyze methods to learn how to learn.

Set clear and realistic goals.

Explain importance of lifelong learning.

Learn new, additional skills related to a job.

Seek opportunities to update skills.

Demonstrate persistence when learning is difficult.

Identify strengths and weaknesses.

Identify learning styles and preferences.

Identify and use study strategies.

Identify and work to remove personal barriers to learning.

Use memory aids (notes, tape recorder).

Explain the connection between education and employment.

Apply learning skills in new contexts.

Demonstrate willingness to apply new skills and knowledge.

Explain the process of applying new skills in different contexts.

Work with others to apply new skills and knowledge on an assignment.

Analyze how one transfers skills and knowledge to new situations.

Use performance evaluation and feedback to create new learning opportunities.

Use skills to evaluate your own performance.

Analyze generational differences in learning skills.

Use new skills in situations with diverse groups.

Postsecondary and Career Preparation

Explore time management strategies related to personal, educational and workplace goals.

Identify time management techniques that help meet goals (e.g. setting priorities, using schedules and planners, avoiding procrastination, multi-tasking).

Describe barriers and choices that prevent or interfere with time management (e.g. procrastination).

Differentiate discretionary and non-discretionary time use.

Describe various time management systems.

Utilize time management strategies to meet education and workplace needs.

Describe the process for enrolling in a postsecondary institution.

Identify variables associated with making a postsecondary education decision (e.g. tuition and living costs, location, majors/programs, financial aid, scholarships, institution size and reputation, living arrangements, security, child care).

Acquire and assess pertinent information on postsecondary institutions.

Compare and contrast placement services, internships and employment opportunities.

Describe admission documents and processes.

Develop an individual academic and career plan for on-time graduation and career success.

Complete an academic plan for on-time graduation and career entry.

Complete a career plan to enter and advance in career chosen (i.e. Ohio Career Information System ).

Develop options and alternatives as part of the academic and career plan.

Implement job search skills.

Develop (i.e. video, written) resumes that meet employer expectations.

Recognize possible job search resources (e.g. family, neighbors, friends).

Explore career possibilities through volunteer activities, a national data base and one stop career centers.

Cite examples of jobs and the required qualifications or background.

Explore employment opportunities locally, nationally, and globally.

Utilize job hunting skills (e.g. finding job postings, sending out resumes, scheduling interviews).

Develop effective interview skills and recognize and respond to discriminatory questions and practices.

Use networking skills to assist in job search.

Describe the concept of “flexible workplaces.”

Develop orientation skills for a new job.

Utilize formal and informal sources of information for new employees that explain rules and procedures.

Identify the timeline for enrollment in benefit programs.

Identify requirements of on-the-job training.

Describe the purpose of a probationary period of employment.

Describe the importance of the workplace chain of command.

Describe the importance of listening and asking questions while orienting to a new job.

Describe the importance of human relations in orienting successfully to a new job.

Identify appropriate persons and departments to answer various types of questions.

Complete entry paperwork.

Identify appropriate use of electronic communications (texting, email, etc.).

Prepare for career advancement

Identify advancement opportunities (i.e., internally and externally).

Demonstrate quality work.

Describe the career ladder requirements for various occupations.

Explain the employment issues associated with promotions.

Discuss the need to enroll and complete training programs.

Maintain a résumé, a list of references and a portfolio.

Advocate for self.

Be proactive in advancing in a career.

Demonstrate continuous improvement.

Display responsible behaviors at work to retain employment.

Demonstrate integrity.

Work effectively in a climate of ambiguity and changing priorities.

Demonstrate appropriate risk-taking and learn from mistakes.

Demonstrate dedication, enthusiasm, passion and energy for the job.

Demonstrate ways to adapt to change.

Demonstrate the ability to work without supervision and to work in flexible environments (home-based, travel-based, flexible time, flat work place without supervision).

Demonstrate promptness and willingness to work.

Take responsibility for prioritizing and completing work assignments accurately, on time, efficiently and to a high standard.

Show initiative in carrying out assignments.

Demonstrate self-management skills.

Avoid absenteeism and call in appropriately.

Maintain appropriate grooming and hygiene.

Follow company policies related to personal business in the job setting.

Adapt to varied roles and responsibility and demonstrate flexibility.

Describe ways to balance work and family responsibilities.

Describe the types of family issues that can impact work.

Describe the types of work issues that can impact family.

Identify workplace offerings that assist with family and personal issues.

Describe ways to handle conflicts between work and family.

Use technology to help manage work and life.

Describe appropriate processes for resigning from employment.

Identify employer policies for resigning employment.

Describe the components of a resignation letter.

Describe the consequences of leaving a job without following appropriate resignation processes.

Describe employer policies regarding compensation of leave, pay, and possible extension of insurance benefits.

Discuss employment contracts versus at-will employment.

Exit employment in a positive manner.

Develop an ongoing career plan.

Demonstrate ability to analyze past experiences in a constructive manner to improve future workplace success.

Identify ways to evaluate personal and professional skill sets and accomplishments.

Explain the importance of workplace skills that cross career areas.

Describe the importance of continual reflection on job productivity and effectiveness.

Describe the importance of continual learning on the job.

Update career plan frequently.

Document successes.

Develop a plan for on-time graduation.

Identify graduation requirements (assessments, courses, etc.).

Identify current status related to graduation coursework.

Compare current status to graduation requirements.

Identify strengths and weaknesses related to academic coursework.

Determine academic areas where assistance may be needed.

Identify resources for assistance.

Seek assistance as needed.

Take responsibility for your actions and your goals.

Explain why on-time graduation is important (i.e. earnings, quality of life).

Describe workforce, workplace and personal issues impacting careers.

Identify social, economic and global trends impacting employment opportunities including: outsourcing; minimum wage; multi-cultural expectations and understandings; and changes in pensions and social security.

Explain implications of life and work changes (e.g. multiple careers in a lifetime, work from home technologies, emerging careers, barriers and failures).

Describe the impact of factors such as population, climate, employment trends and geographic location on occupational opportunities.

Demonstrate knowledge of consequences of personal actions (family, friends, crime, goal achievement, etc.).

Recognize the need to be personally responsible for retirement.

Describe career opportunities in each of the 16 career fields.

Describe career opportunities in agricultural and environmental systems.

Describe career opportunities in hospitality and tourism.

Describe career opportunities in human services.

Describe career opportunities in information technology.

Describe career opportunities in law and public safety.

Describe career opportunities in manufacturing technologies.

Describe career opportunities in marketing.

Describe career opportunities in transportation systems.

Describe trends in career opportunities.

Describe emerging career opportunities.

Continually research and evaluate career opportunities.

Describe career opportunities in arts and communications.

Identify career opportunities that cross career fields.

Describe career opportunities in business and administrative services.

Describe career opportunities in construction technologies.

Describe career opportunities in education and training.

Describe career opportunities in engineering and science technologies.

Describe career opportunities in finance.

Describe career opportunities in government and public administration.

Describe career opportunities in health science.

Identify career interests, skills, and aptitudes for career readiness.

Develop profile of interests, attitudes, goals, skills, aptitudes and expectations related to career options.

Identify career information resources (e.g. Ohio Career Information System [OCIS]).

Complete career-related assessments.

Use a range of resources to obtain career information

Recognize factors affecting career choices.

Match career fields to personal interests, talents, goals and abilities.

Complete additional research on selected career interests.

Describe labor market projections for career interests.

Identify education and training needed.

Identify wages and benefits.

Describe working conditions.

Describe physical, mental and emotional requirements of career.

Determine where jobs in various career fields are primarily located.

Identify licensure, certifications, and/or credentials needed for career.

Create opportunities to gain additional career-related experiences.

Describe opportunities to obtain career-related experience (volunteering, job shadowing, mentoring, interviews, internships, etc.).

Develop a plan to obtain career-related experience in areas of career interests.

Maintain a record of career-related experiences.

Explain apprenticeships

Define apprentice, apprenticeships, and apprenticeable occupations (e.g. Architectural Internship Development Program- AIDP, Engineer in Training-EIT).

Define journeyperson and indentured.

Contrast registered and non-registered apprenticeships.

Distinguish related instruction from on-the-job training in an apprenticeship pathway.

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of apprenticeships.

Explore postsecondary education options related to career interests.

Identify academic, communication and interpersonal skills and knowledge associated with a successful postsecondary experience.

Identify postsecondary coursework needed for career interests.

List postsecondary institutions offering necessary coursework and credentials.

Describe requirements for enrolling in postsecondary institutions.

Financial Literacy

Describe the fundamental principles of money needed to make financial exchanges.

Explain forms of financial exchange (cash, credit, debit, electronic funds transfer).

Identify types of currency (paper money, coins, bank notes, government bonds and treasury notes).

Explain essential elements of a negotiable instrument.

Describe functions of money (medium of exchange, unit of measure, store of value)

Describe sources of income (wages/salaries, interest, rent, dividends, transfer payments).

Explain the time value of money.