High School CTE OLS Standards

Nutrition: Analyze, formulate, prepare, and administer a ration for a population of specific animal species based on the economics, nutrition, and availability of feedstuffs and evaluate the feed's effects on animals, and animal products.

Identify the traditional and alternative types, compositions, quality, and compatibility of feedstuff, feed additives, and feed byproducts.

Describe the role of nutrients and nutritional requirements of different animal life processes and species.

Collect a feedstuff sample and interpret the data to determine the quality.

Identify and address major nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms.

Identify the biological and non-biological contaminants (physical, chemical, biological, and radiological) found in feedstuffs and their impacts on animals.

Formulate and prepare rations and diets for different stages of an animal’s life.

Calculate performance indicators (feed efficiency, average daily gain, minimum energy required) in relation to the cost, quality, and availability of feeds.

Select and determine the feeding and watering practices and systems, based on the animal population, purpose, and requirement.

Body Systems: Describe the interrelationships of animal body systems with growth, development, health, maintenance, reproduction, and production.

Describe external anatomical parts and their functions within different species.

Identify and describe the function and components of the respiratory system and pulmonary ventilation and the factors influencing respiratory rates.

Identify and describe the urinary system structure and function, including excretion and osmoregulation.

Compare and contrast between the male and female reproductive system, structures, and function.

Describe the endocrine system, its structure, and the role of hormones.

Identify and describe the immune system and lymphatic system's role in immunity.

Identify the anatomy and describe the physiology of the mammary system.

Compare and contrast the anatomical parts of the digestive system(s) and describe their physiology within different species.

Identify anatomical components of nerve tissue and the nervous system, including regions of the brain, spinal nerves, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, and describe their physiology.

Identify the anatomical components of the skeletal system, including the types and forms of bones, and describe their physiology.

Identify the anatomical components of the muscular systems, including striated, cardiac, and smooth muscle and describe their physiology.

Compare and contrast bone growth, muscle growth, and fat deposition in relation to developmental patterns.

Describe the components of the cardiovascular system and their functions, including factors affecting blood flow.

Identify and describe the physical characteristics, components, and functions of blood.

Identify and describe the integumentary system (e.g. skin, hair, nails, wool, feathers, scales), related structures, functions, and cycles.

Care and Management: Apply animal care, management, and record procedures to ensure husbandry and welfare, including managing environmental conditions to ensure health and performance.

Identify species-specific terminology (gender, age, reproductive status).

Recognize common restraints and tack devices for handling including their use and adjustments.

Groom animals through brushing, bathing, and therapeutic treatments.

Assess the nails and hooves of animals and understand the practice of trimming and treating for specific species.

Compare and contrast different standards of grooming and styling techniques for specific animal species and breeds.

Identify and recognize normal and abnormal dental structures and conditions.

Identify, classify, evaluate, and select animal species or breeds for a desired outcome.

Determine the biotic and abiotic factors (e.g. air, ventilation) that impact the animal's environment.

Apply concepts of pest control and nuisance animal control, sanitation, and disinfection procedures for animals' care and management.

Perform species-specific animal identification techniques for traceability and records.

Calculate a facility or habitat's carrying capacity and its impact on animal health.

Identify and recognize predator-prey relationships and implement control measures.

Evaluate and perform animal care procedures aligned with industry standards throughout the life of the animal.

Monitor and evaluate the quality of an animal's habitat and implement corrective methods as needed.

Recognizing Diseases and Disorders: Evaluate animal conditions for species-specific diseases and disorders to assess an animal’s health and welfare.

Identify common infectious and noninfectious causes of diseases and disorders within different species.

Differentiate between active and passive immunities and identify immunization schedule per species.

Identify abnormalities in the skeleton, body form and functions and identify associated symptoms.

Describe the clinical signs that are associated with an abnormality caused by environmental factors (e.g. heat stress, standing condition, air quality).

Assess clinical signs of animals and identify diseases caused by microorganisms (e.g., parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa).

Describe zoonotic diseases and explain the health risk on humans and animals.

Implement disease prevention methods and procedures including the use of personal protective equipment.

Utilize voided specimens to determine animal health by performing urinalysis and fecal floatation with centrifugation.

Understand the principles of imaging and diagnostics through the use of X-ray and ultrasound equipment and techniques.

Apply principles of image physics and perform ultrasound techniques.

Animal Health: Implement preventive measures, treatment, and maintenance options for species-specific diseases and disorders to improve an animal’s health and welfare.

Obtain and interpret an animal's vitals.

Describe advantages, disadvantages, and adverse side effects of commonly used preanesthetic and anesthetic agents.

Identify and prepare sterile surgical instruments commonly used for surgery and post- operative procedures.

Apply concepts of body condition scoring to assess an animal's general health and nutrition status.

Recognize the preventative measures or treatments needed to maintain animal health.

Apply basic principles of first aid.

Inventory, store, and dispose of pharmaceutical drugs by category, class, and label.

Describe the routes of administration for medications (oral, IM, IV, SQ) and the process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, withdrawal, and excretion.

Interpret and follow label directions for the dosage, route of administration, and withdrawal period.

Simulate the administration of drug treatments and vaccines, following quality assurance guidelines, and monitor common adverse effects and potential problems associated with administration.

Prepare a sterile surgical environment, prepare patients for surgery, and conduct post- operative procedures.

Population Management: Manage reproduction practices in animal populations across habitats to achieve the desired outcomes and specific goals.

Identify factors that lead to reproductive maturity and select animals for reproductive readiness.

Compare and select superior individuals based on phenotype.

Compare and select superior individuals based on breeding values and heritability of the desired traits.

Identify normal and abnormal signs of parturition and recommend appropriate management practices.

Understand the rationale to manipulate an animal’s reproductive processes to support breeding (e.g., sex-sorted semen, heat synchronization, nutritional flushing, light cycling, natural and selected breeding).

Understand the rationale for selecting breeding methods (e.g., artificial insemination, embryo transfer, natural selection, selective breeding, invitro fertilization, cloning).

Describe requirements and environmental influences during different stages of gestation within different species.

Describe ethical and responsible animal population management practices (e.g., spaying, neutering, heat suppression, relocation, reintroduction, hunting, containment, culling, euthanasia).

Business Operations/21st Century Skills: Learners apply principles of economics, business management, marketing and employability in an entrepreneur, manager and employee role to the leadership, planning, developing and analyzing of business enterprises related to the career field.

Employability Skills; Develop career awareness and employability skills (e.g., face-to-face, online) needed for gaining and maintaining employment in diverse business settings.

Identify the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to succeed in careers.

Adapt personal coping skills to adjust to taxing workplace demands.

Recognize different cultural beliefs and practices in the workplace and demonstrate respect for them.

Identify healthy lifestyles that reduce the risk of chronic disease, unsafe habits, and abusive behavior.

Identify the scope of career opportunities and the requirements for education, training, certification, licensure and experience.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways and secondary and post-secondary options.

Describe the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations and organized labor and use networking techniques to develop and maintain professional relationships.

Develop strategies for self-promotion in the hiring process (e.g., filling out job applications, resumé writing, interviewing skills, portfolio development).

Explain the importance of work ethic, accountability and responsibility and demonstrate associated behaviors in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Apply problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues when making decisions and formulating solutions.

Identify the correlation between emotions, behavior and appearance and manage those to establish and maintain professionalism.

Give and receive constructive feedback to improve work habits.

Sales and Marketing: Manage pricing, place, promotion, packaging, positioning, and public relations to improve quality customer service.

Identify how the roles of sales, advertising, and public relations contribute to a company’s brand.

Demonstrate sales techniques.

Determine the customer's needs and identify solutions.

Communicate features, benefits, and warranties of a product or service to the customer.

Identify the company policies and procedures for initiating product and service improvements.

Monitor customer expectations and determine product/services satisfaction by using measurement tools.

Discuss the importance of correct pricing to support a product or service’s positioning in the marketing mix.

Describe the importance and diversity of distribution channels (i.e., direct, indirect) to sell a product.

Use promotional techniques to maximize sales revenues (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, publicity, public relations).

Describe how product mix (e.g., product line, product items) maximize sales revenues, market, share, and profit margin.

Principles of Business Economics: Examine and employ economic principles, concepts, and policies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.

Identify the economic principles that guide geographic location of an industry's facilities (e.g., relative scarcity, price, quantity of products and services).

Identify the difference between monetary and nonmonetary incentives and explain how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.

Use economic indicators to identify economic trends and conditions (e.g., inflation, interest rate fluctuations, unemployment rates).

Determine how the quality, quantity and pricing of goods and services are affected by domestic and international competition in a market economy.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Explain how financial markets and government policies influence interest rates (credit ratings/debt ceiling), trade deficits and unemployment.

Describe how economic performance and culture are interdependent.

Identify the relationships between economy, society and environment that lead to sustainability.

Describe how laws and regulations influence domestic and international trade.

Cyber Hygiene: Apply digital information security principles to keep information secure.

Identify the purpose and practices of Cyber Hygiene.

Differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate information.

Interpret security policies through job specific training and training updates.

Apply secure password behavior.

Apply physical and virtual situational awareness (e.g., clean desk policies, shoulder surfing, social engineering, tailgating).

Leadership and Communications; Process, maintain, evaluate and disseminate information in a business. Develop leadership and team building to promote collaboration.

Extract relevant, valid information from materials and cite sources of information.

Use interpersonal skills to provide group leadership, promote collaboration and work in a team.

Write professional correspondence, documents, job applications, and resumés.

Use technical writing skills to complete forms and create reports.

Identify stakeholders and solicit their opinions.

Use motivational strategies to accomplish goals.

Deliver formal and informal presentations.

Identify and use verbal, nonverbal and active listening skills to communicate effectively.

Use negotiation and conflict-resolution skills to reach solutions.

Communicate information (e.g., directions, ideas, vision, workplace expectations) for an intended audience and purpose.

Use proper grammar and expression in all aspects of communication.

Use problem-solving and consensus-building techniques to draw conclusions and determine next steps.

Identify the strengths, weaknesses, and characteristics of leadership styles that influence internal and external workplace relationships.

Identify advantages and disadvantages involving digital and/or electronic communications (e.g., common content for large audience, control of tone, speed, cost, lack of non-verbal cues, potential for forwarding information, longevity).

Business Ethics and Law: Analyze how professional, ethical, and legal behavior contributes to continuous improvement in organizational performance and regulatory compliance.

Analyze how regulatory compliance affects business operations and organizational performance.

Follow protocols and practices necessary to maintain a clean, safe, and healthy work environment.

Use ethical character traits consistent with workplace standards (e.g., honesty, personal integrity, compassion, justice).

Identify how federal and state consumer protection laws affect products and services.

Access and implement safety compliance measures (e.g., quality assurance information, safety data sheets [SDSs], product safety data sheets [PSDSs], United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) that contribute to the continuous improvement of the organization.

Identify deceptive practices (e.g., bait and switch, identity theft, unlawful door-to- door sales, deceptive service estimates, fraudulent misrepresentations) and their overall impact on organizational performance.

Identify the labor laws that affect employment and the consequences of noncompliance for both employee and employer (e.g., harassment, labor, employment, employment interview, testing, minor labor laws, Americans with Disabilities Act, Fair Labor Standards Acts, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC]).

Verify compliance with computer and intellectual property laws and regulations.

Identify potential conflicts of interest (e.g., personal gain, project bidding) between personal, organizational, and professional ethical standards.

Knowledge Management and Information Technology: Demonstrate current and emerging strategies and technologies used to collect, analyze, record and share information in business operations.

Use office equipment to communicate (e.g., phone, radio equipment, fax machine, scanner, public address systems).

Select and use software applications to locate, record, analyze, and present information (e.g., word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, databases, presentation, Internet search engines).

Verify compliance with security rules, regulations and codes (e.g., property, privacy, access, accuracy issues, client, and patient record confidentiality) pertaining to technology specific to the industry pathway.

Use system hardware to support software applications.

Use information technology tools to maintain, secure and monitor business records.

Use an electronic database to access and create business and technical information.

Use personal information management and productivity applications to optimize assigned tasks (e.g., lists, calendars, address books).

Use electronic media to communicate and follow network etiquette guidelines.

Global Environment: Evaluate how beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors influence organizational strategies and goals.

Describe how cultural understanding, cultural intelligence skills and continual awareness are interdependent.

Describe how cultural intelligence skills influence the overall success and survival of an organization.

Use cultural intelligence to interact with individuals from diverse cultural settings.

Recognize barriers in cross-cultural relationships and implement behavioral adjustments.

Recognize the ways in which bias and discrimination may influence productivity and profitability.

Analyze work tasks for understanding and interpretation from a different cultural perspective.

Use intercultural communication skills to exchange ideas and create meaning.

Identify how multicultural teaming and globalization can foster development of new and improved products and services and recognition of new opportunities.

Business Literacy: Develop foundational skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and business operations.

Identify business opportunities.

Describe the impact of globalization on an enterprise or organization.

Describe how all business activities of an organization work within the parameters of a budget.

Describe classifications of employee benefits, rights, deductions and compensations.

Assess the reality of becoming an entrepreneur, including advantages and disadvantages (e.g., risk versus reward, reasons for success and failure).

Explain the importance of planning your business.

Identify types of businesses, ownership, and entities (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, public, private, profit, not-for-profit).

Describe organizational structure, chain of command, the roles and responsibilities of the organizational departments, and interdepartmental interactions.

Identify the target market served by the organization, the niche that the organization fills, and an outlook of the industry.

Identify the effect of supply and demand on products and services.

Identify the features and benefits that make an organization’s product or service competitive.

Explain how the performance of an employee, a department and an organization is assessed.

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs: Analyze the environment in which a business operates, and the economic factors and opportunities associated with self-employment.

Compare and contrast the four types of business ownership (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives).

Describe techniques for obtaining experience (e.g., apprenticeship, co-operative [co- op] education, work placement, internship, job shadowing) related to an entrepreneurial objective.

Identify initial steps in establishing a business (e.g., limited liability company [LLC], tax ID, permits, insurance, licensing).

Identify resources available to entrepreneurs (e.g., Small Business Administration, mentors, information resources, educational opportunities).

Protect intellectual property and knowledge (e.g., copyright, patent, trademark, trade secrets, processes).

Explain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the roles of nonprofit and for-profit businesses.

Develop a business plan.

Describe life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Create a list of personal strengths, weaknesses, skills and abilities needed to be successful as an entrepreneur.

Explain pathways used to become an entrepreneur.

Conduct a self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Operations Management: Plan, organize, and monitor an organization or department to maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Forecast future resources and budgetary needs using financial documents (e.g., balance sheet demand forecasting, financial ratios).

Analyze how business management and environmental management systems (e.g., health, safety) contribute to continuous improvement and sustainability.

Select and organize resources to develop a product or a service.

Analyze the performance of organizational activities and reallocate resources to achieve established goals.

Identify alternative actions to take when goals are not met (e.g., changing goals, changing strategies, efficiencies).

Use inventory and control systems to purchase materials, supplies, and equipment (e.g., Last In, First Out [LIFO]; First In, First Out [FIFO]; Just in Time [JIT]; LEAN).

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying cost and Just-in-Time (JIT) production systems and the effects of maintaining inventory (e.g., perishable, shrinkage, insurance) on profitability.

Collect information and feedback to help assess the organization’s strategic planning and policymaking processes.

Identify routine activities for maintaining business facilities and equipment.

Develop a budget that reflects the strategies and goals of the organization.

Financial Management: Use financial tools, strategies and systems to develop, monitor and control the use of financial resources to ensure personal and business financial well-being.

Create, analyze and interpret financial documents (e.g., budgets, income statements).

Identify the role of depreciation in tax planning and liability.

Identify tax obligations.

Review and summarize savings, investment strategies and purchasing options (e.g., cash, lease, finance, stocks, bonds).

Identify credit types and their uses in order to establish credit.

Identify ways to avoid or correct debt problems.

Explain how credit ratings and the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity affect access to loans.

Review and summarize categories (types) of insurance and identify how insurances can reduce financial risk.

Identify income sources and expenditures.

Compare and contrast different banking services available through financial institutions.

Design: Learners apply the elements and principles of design and compositional techniques to create works of art and visual layouts for both tactile and digital art forms.

Arts Elements and Design Principles: Analyze works of art for the art elements and the design principles needed to create professional products.

Describe art elements of line, value, color, shape, space, form, and texture in various media that are used individually or in combination.

Identify specific characteristics (i.e., positive and negative, organic, geometric, quality, weight, direction, variety, unity, balance, symmetry) of art elements that communicate and express ideas.

Determine how and when to apply the principles of design, including unity, variety, balance, movement, emphasis, visual hierarchy, and proportion/scale to communicate ideas.

Identify, compare, and contrast unity and variety within a design (e.g., formal/symmetrical, informal/asymmetrical, and radial balance).

Observe movement shown through repetition, pattern, and rhythm.

Interpret emphasis through contrast, isolation, size, and placement.

Identify visual hierarchy used to establish dominance.

Recognize the use of proportion/scale.

Color Theory: Assess the use of color for commercial design.

Explain the science of color perception using the electromagnetic spectrum.

Choose color pairings with regard to ADA compliance, color visibility, readability, and accessibility.

Describe how changes to tint, shade, hue, value, intensity, and saturation relate to color theory.

Identify gamut output issues and calibrate color.

Select color profiles for different mediums (e.g., Red Green Blue [RGB], Cyan Magenta Yellow Key [CMYK], Pantone®, Reference Output Medium Metric [ROMM] RGB, CIE- L*a*B* color space).

Replicate color across multiple media accommodating how color changes from the monitor to the final product (e.g., coated and uncoated papers, metallic, color- calibrated monitors).

Compare and contrast additive and subtractive color theory (e.g., RGB, CMYK).

Compare and contrast choices using the psychology of color.

Critique the use of color schemes (e.g., primary, secondary, tertiary, analogous, complementary, triads, monochromatic) in various media.

Art Forms: Apply art elements and design principles to create two-dimensional (2D) and three- dimensional (3D) commercial products using various media to communicate the message and evoke the desired audience response.

Render a proportionately correct portrait and figure drawing.

Render in one-point, two-point, multi-point, and aerial perspectives.

Apply color using pencil, marker, dry media, wet media, and digital media.

Demonstrate shape, volume, depth, and dimension.

Employ techniques that produce actual and implied texture (e.g., filters, embroidery, embossing, clay, wax, wood, metal).

Select the material based on its characteristics (e.g., design, construction, maintenance, care of product) for the intended use.

Create a 3D design according to specific measurements using drawing, cutting, scoring, and bonding techniques.

Visual Layouts: Create layouts for pre-production and analyze the communicative effects on the commercial product.

Create thumbnail and rough sketches.

Determine how the technical characteristics of the print medium affect content and style.

Calculate finishing requirements in a layout (e.g., registration marks, bleed, slugs).

Evaluate the product in terms of the message or meaning for the targeted audience.

Apply the proper color profile for the final output.

Create single and multi-color layouts using images and formats.

Use process color and spot color separations.

Differentiate between raster- and vector-based layouts.

Apply the components of a comprehensive layout (e.g., color scheme, font, white space, text graphics, frames, headings) according to an overall theme for the product.

Determine composition, formal qualities, scale, and use of space.

Apply compositional techniques, including rule of thirds, use of a grid system, 180- degree rule, framing, fill frame, pyramid, strong center of interest, and aspect ratio.

Create visual continuity among a variety of products.

Typography: Apply typographical elements for a commercial presentation.

Select typefaces for relevant applications.

Apply typography kerning, leading, and hierarchy for readability and accessibility.

Use typographic measurements in terms of picas, points, pixels and ems.

Apply multiple families of type within a project.

Use typography as a primary component of logo design.

Determine the effect of various font types on operating systems.

Assess typography’s effects on message delivery and aesthetics (e.g., limit families, readability).

UX/UI Design: Develop basic skills and knowledge of the UX/UI design process.

Understand the UX/UI design process (e.g. vision, journey mapping, wireframing, prototyping, strategizing) for the targeted platform (e.g. graphics, applications, programming).

Understand how the use of appropriate iconography impacts user experience

Understand various design methodologies (Bottom-Up, Top-Down, Agile, ) and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.

Describe how attention, memory, perception, conditioning, and learning define the user experience and affects their actions.

Describe how usability heuristics develop a better experience for the end-user.

Conduct and analyze research (focus testing, beta testing) with the end user in mind.

Design user tasks and evaluate results (e.g. use-case scenarios, tabletop exercises, wireframe testing).

Develop a user persona to help inform the design process.

Conduct and analyze competition research.

Design interface elements and experiences that connect concepts with the real world (i.e. Skeuomorphic Design).

Implement UI patterns and libraries, such as navigation elements and icons.

Draft, design, and utilize design prototypes (low-fidelity, high-fidelity) to guide the design process.

Design or select appropriate icons for specific user interaction elements.

Written Content Creation: Learners apply content creation knowledge and skills to use the intended message for entertainment, journalism, or marketing purposes.

Career-Based Writing: Develop basic skills and knowledge related to fact-, entertainment-, and marketing-based copy.

Analyze writing content and styles of fact-, entertainment-, and marketing-based models.

Select visual imagery to support or enhance copy.

Review, re-write, and edit to prepare the final copy for client and artistic approval.

Critique the impact of your writing and incorporate editor feedback in a revision.

Compare and contrast fiction and nonfiction.

Assess and determine the platform for delivery (e.g., video, audio, print, digital, and social media).

Compare and contrast vocabulary, transition words, diction, grammar, spelling, syntax, word choice, and sentence structure within writing models.

Create and copy that emphasizes the central theme through supporting ideas or facts.

Adapt writing for the literacy level of the audience, including the use of readability software.

Critique timeliness, effect, and proximity characteristics of copy.

Meet organization-sensitive requirements such as tone, approach, and word count while following style guide parameters.

Adapt the format (e.g., web, column) and body style (e.g., inverted-pyramid, hourglass, narrative) based on technical requirements and the purpose for writing.

Entertainment-based Writing: Produce copies for products designed for amusement and enjoyment.

Compare and contrast entertainment-based models of content created for print, electronic, audio, video, digital, live performance, speech, and audio-visual genres.

Determine how the script dictates various elements including setting, music, and blocking.

identify different features of scripts (e.g., setting, dialogue, plot, characters).

Compare and contrast writing to be read and writing to be performed.

Brainstorm the theme and plot through outlining or storyboarding.

Create copy in verse format using imagery and symbolism to express sensory details and enhance meaning.

Create copy with appropriate tone, content, emotion, and psychology for the speaker or performer.

Annotate copy with phonetic spelling for the speaker or performer.

Create text for fiction and non-fiction artistic genres.

Create fiction and non-fiction scripts for various media.

Develop provocative and persuasive audio essays.

Fact-Based Writing: Write concise and focused copy for journalism.

Determine what information is newsworthy.

Apply direct, indirect, and partial quotes.

Create content format, length, and flow based on purpose, audience, and channel.

Create specialized stories.

Engage symmetrical and asymmetrical strategies in the creation and revision of content.

Illustrate the value of a project through a media pitch.

Identify the time-sensitive elements of content.

Write stories in basic news style using the inverted pyramid to identify who, what, when, where, why, and how.

Identify positions from research and resources while remaining objective.

Compare and contrast objective and subjective fact-based text.

Seek, consider, and synthesize primary, secondary, quantitative, and qualitative research.

Conduct primary source interviews using face-to-face and electronic programming.

Follow protocol for off-the-record information.

Design a story lead based on purpose and audience.

Create informational text for multiple purposes, including editorial, press releases, biographies, narratives, public service announcements, and social media.

Market-Based Writing: Write concise, creative, memorable, sellable copy for advertising, public relations, and proposals.

Research and analyze trends and local markets for opportunities.

Apply channels of direct mail, online, email, web, and social media strategies.

Determine the wants and needs of the target audience.

Communicate brand image and product value.

Create subjective text to market products through various information channels to reach target audiences with compelling brand messages

Synthesize ideas for primary and secondary messages.

Apply the product, price, promotion, and placement components of marketing.

Implement the voice of the customer in branding.

Create and revise messages for word-of-mouth, advertising, digital platforms, and social media channels.

Evaluate advertising to measure quantifiable achievement of goals and objectives, including analytics, where applicable.

Social Media: Develop content for social media.

Describe the similarities and differences between social media platforms.

Develop a social media engagement strategy.

Develop, generate, and share content for a social media marketing campaign.

Describe how organizations use social games to meet branding objectives (i.e. product placement).

Describe the role of social media metrics and explain how to calculate your social media return on investment (e.g. paid vs. organic posts, influencers).

Describe the evolution of social media.

Compare the use of social media for business vs. personal use.

Understand social trends and cultural perspectives and how they manifest on social media.

Create content tailored to a specific social media platform.

Describe how online communities form and are shaped by social media platforms.

Perform a social media audit.

Analyze the results of a social media audit and create an improvement strategy.

Analyze engagement metrics (e.g. follower count, posting frequency, referral traffic).

Audio, Video, and Photo Imaging: Learners apply knowledge and skills of photography and videography to capture, engineer, and manipulate audio, images, and video for media production.

Science of Sound: Apply the characteristics and properties of sound to a professional production.

Identify the properties of sound.

Classify elements in sound transduction, including resistance, balanced versus unbalanced lines, and how sound energy is converted into electrical energy.

Measure sound in a variety of ways, such as perceived loudness (human judgement) peak level, RMS root mean squared or LUFS.

Identify sound pressure level (SPL).

Analyze room acoustics and their impact on sound, such as diffraction, diffusion, phase, and harmonics.

Apply the principles of direct sound, early reflection, and reverberation.

Apply the principles of digital audio theory (e.g., sampling rate, bit depth, Nyquist Theorem, and various compression algorithms for lossy and lossless audio).

Audio Capturing: Apply the principles and properties of how sound is measured, converted and perceived to capture an audio recording for professional purposes.

Compare and contrast microphone properties (e.g., polar patterns, type of transducer) with their intended use (e.g., handheld, lav, boom).

Determine microphone and monitor placement according to directional characteristics.

Organize a production from pre-production through publishing and distribution.

Distinguish among digital media formats (e.g., .mp3, .mp4, .wav, .aiff).

Select a score for production and post-production needs.

Audio Operations: Manipulate recordings for professional purposes.

Produce recordings in a variety of settings (e.g., studio, live, post-production).

Apply digital signal processing (DSP) (e.g., EQ, compression, reverb, delay, etc.).

Synchronize media from different sources.

Mix audio, including relative level, spatial positioning, equalization, dynamics processing, and effects processing.

Design and set a stage plot for live performance.

Mix live sound for a variety of events (e.g., concert, speech, panel discussion, performance, etc.).

Lighting: Measure and manipulate lighting based on the characteristics and properties of light.

Measure light levels in camera and using hand-held devices.

Determine the color temperature that is appropriate for the environment.

Manipulate and direct light using ratios, gels, filters, diffusion, and gobos.

Implement lighting techniques (e.g., four-point, bounce, high-key, low-key, cross- key, mixed) to produce specific effects.

Photography; Capture and edit still images for commercial purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different image capturing devices.

Modify an image through color-management and special effects.

Enhance an image with tone, contrast, filters, composites, and sharpening techniques.

Retouch an image by cloning, healing, patching and rebuilding.

Integrate image capture with post-production processes.

Capture multiple images and render them in high dynamic range.

Understand the fundamentals of composition.

Capture images using various camera shots.

Produce or modify story elements such as mood, tone, and theme to tell a coherent story through images.

Clean and maintain camera equipment.

Identify the effects of ISO settings on image quality.

Achieve proper exposure through light, shutter speed, and aperture.

Affect apparent motion through shutter speed.

Manipulate aperture settings to alter depth of field.

Alter image through focus, white balance, exposure modes, and camera lens filters.

Capture images through various lenses.

Modify images through sizing, cropping, and output resolution.

Videography: Shoot video for professional and archival purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different video devices.

Select, prepare, clean, and maintain equipment for a production.

Achieve proper exposure and depth of field using gain, white balance, focus, focal length, audio controls, bars, and tone.

Select file format, frame rate, and resolution.

Frame shots for proper composition, including extreme long, long, medium, close- up, extreme closeup, two-shot, over-the-shoulder, head room, nose room, and lead room.

Use storyboards to apply screen directions (e.g., motion, index, graphic)

Create steady shots and smooth camera movements using handheld techniques, tripods, and other stabilizing equipment.

Create slow and fast motion effects by adjusting shutter speeds and frame rates.

Log video during shooting.

Audio/Video Editing: Edit post-production audio or video for commercial purposes.

Compare and contrast linear and nonlinear digital editing systems for audio/video.

Export and upload media for desired specifications and for appropriate platforms.

Import and log media for editing.

Manage files of digital clips.

Use storyboard techniques to place media on a timeline.

Correct color, condense and enhance a video production.

Edit audio or video online and offline with transitions, cutting points, order of shots, and continuity.

Add special effects to a video through filters, keying, and image control.

Mix audio for video through filters, ambient sound, sound effects, equalization (EQ), and matching levels.

Create graphics for video products (e.g., titles, still images).

Print Production Process: Learners apply knowledge and skills to produce print or digital products.

File Preflight: Preflight files before printing.

Input customer files from various sources (e.g. Dropbox, Google Drive, FTP, etc.) into a design application and process on a prepress system.

Compare the on-screen layout to the customer proof.

Create and manage page geometry for print production concerns including bleeds, trapping, pagination/imposition, screening, total ink coverage, and creating color separations.

Examine font and picture usage for mapping, alignment, linking, and resolution issues.

Identify color correction factors, including assignment, gamut, dot gain, screen angles, trapping, gray balance, and rich black.

Troubleshoot files using automated preflight tools and reports. Make recommended adjustments to files.

Confirm file accuracy through test printing or electronic approval.

File Output: Output files for print production.

Determine the resolution of the output device.

Using additive and subtractive color theories, explain the difference of RGB, Grayscale, LAB, and CMYK color spaces.

Manage output factors, including file management and raster image processing.

Interpret marks used for indicating registration, cropping, trims, and ink density.

Verify that imagesetter materials and settings are correct.

Compare image carrier generation methods, including computer-to-plate [CTP], film- based, screen, and flexography.

Analyze factors for image carrier issues, including depleted chemistry and light leak.

Check color separations.

Offset Image Control Systems: Set up substrate and image control systems for printing.

Explain and demonstrate substrate selection and substrate printing methods.

Demonstrate the operation of different printing processes (e.g., digital printing, offset printing, screen printing, flexography, wide-format printing, etc).

Apply color matching specifications for industry recognized systems.

Maintain conductivity and pH levels for offset printing.

Set up and adjust register systems.

Maintain image density and coverage.

Compare drying methods, including heat, oxidation, ultraviolet [UV], LED, additives, and infrared.

Preserve image carriers.

Select ink types based on their properties and product specifications.

Explain the difference between substrates (e.g. – paper – coated/uncoated, cover/text weights, basis weight, vinyl – banner/adhesive, printable/nonprintable, textiles, etc.)

Printed Images: Create printed images according to the client’s approved proof.

Compare and contrast color density proofs and press sheets for offset wide-format inkjet and laser formats using visual and equipment readings.

Interpret color bars.

Analyze the effects of single-color and multiple-color (e.g., Pantone®, spot color) output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze the effects of process color output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze and maintain print quality controls for offset wide-format inkjet and laser formats.

Produce copies following project specifications.

Identify the image quality factors that are measured by a densitometer and a spectrophotometer and other quality control devices.

Digital Print Methods: Analyze digital print technologies for digital and offset production.

Explain printing technologies and uses, including laser, toner-based xerography, ink- based digital, wide-format, inkjet, direct-to-film, direct-to-garment, and UV (ultraviolet) printing.

Identify the different substrates available for replicating the master file/art.

Manage output product types for digital printing.

Determine artwork capabilities for reproduction.

Create digital masters for production, including offset and digital ink-based printing.

Analyze the raster image processor (RIP) / digital front end (DFE), including its functionality, purpose and significance in a digital printing workflow.

Identify the types of file formats that can be sent to a RIP/DFE for both static and variable print.

Determine proper planning for jobs and cost accounting for production for each method of printing.

Compare and contrast proofing techniques used in various printing technologies.

Compare the differences between colorants and substrates used in various printing technologies.

Identify substrate-related print quality issues as they relate to digital printing.

Identify the basic subsystems and the functions of the components of digital output devices.

Digital Production Printing: Produce digital print jobs on digital print systems.

Use database software and text/graphics to create a variable data printing job.

Plan and execute a digital job, including reading and interpreting production information on a job docket/ticket, maintaining a checklist, and queuing a job.

Determine the proper output device according to job specifications.

Select finishing methods within the output software, including stitching, binding, folding, booklet-making, and hole-punching.

Manage output product types for digital printing.

Print black-and-white and process-color jobs on coated and uncoated paper.

Analyze the capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Understand advanced finishing techniques (e.g. varnishes, embossing, laminating, etc.)

Screen Printing and Embroidery: Engage screen printing and embroidery operations.

Identify substrates and their marketable applications in screen printing and embroidery.

Dry or cure printed objects for screen printing projects.

Reclaim screens and waste materials for screen printing projects.

Compare the differences in screen printing inks (e.g. water-based ink, plastisol, specialty additives).

Compare the differences in embroidery threads (e.g. acrylic, polyester, cotton, rayon).

Adjust the factors that determine the quality of the impression (e.g., angle, pressure, speed, composition).

Compare light-emitting diode (LED) lamps to metal halide lamps and select the lamp for the given screen-printing purpose.

Explain image digitization for embroidery purposes.

Explain stitch count and hoop size, using embroidery software.

Perform maintenance on equipment and machinery.

Create final print materials for screen printing and embroidery and verify printing quality.

Binding and Finishing: Evaluate post image transfer finishing methods and techniques.

Identify post image transfer finishing requirements.

Verify that imagesetter materials and settings are correct.

Assemble three-dimensional (3D) products (e.g., packaging, promotional and point- of-purchase displays, folders, pop-up books).

Describe and identify inline- and offline-finishing systems.

Explain specifications for folding and using mockups.

Fold products, using single-, letter-, and tri-fold.

Score and perforate products.

Bind products through drilling, perfect binding, and saddle and flat stitching techniques.

Finish a saddle-stitched product through in-line, near-line, and off-line methods.

Identify requirements for padding.

Apply specialty finishing processes, including thermography, foil stamping, embossing, and die cutting.

Flexography: Engage flexographic printing operations.

Identify and explain how flexography is different from other types of contact printing.

Identify and explain the substrates and inks used in flexography and the differences between the types of substrates and inks from other types of contact printing.

Make and explain the prepress methods and platemaking process used in flexography (e.g., trapping, step and repeat, screening, anamorphic distortion, analog, and digital platemaking).

Demonstrate and explain the plate mounting procedure for flexography. (e.g., plate durometer, thickness, sticky back selection).

Demonstrate and explain the operation of a flexographic printing press and how it differs from other types of contact printing.

Demonstrate and explain the different finishing operations in flexography. (e.g., inline vs. near line vs. offline, creasing, die cutting, specialty finishing, varnishes, metallics, variable data).

Digital Design: Learners apply knowledge and skills of digital design to manipulate and animate new and existing audio, video, or photo images to create graphics for internet, broadcast, mobile, and other multimedia applications.

Content Management: Import, store, export, and manage digital assets.

Identify the characteristics that make media interactive.

Compare how digital and interactive media are used in different environments (e.g., kiosks, electronic billboards, games).

Select an application according to its capabilities in meeting the purpose and budget.

Import media into the selected application.

Identify the hardware capabilities of various devices and how processor speed, Random Access Memory (RAM), monitor resolution, and media storage affect the development and use of digital projects.

Convert file formats for use in editing software and other applications.

Export media in the appropriate format for delivery.

Manage and archive digital assets through organizational techniques (e.g., metadata, keywords, file/folder structure, name conventions).

Explain and demonstrate how creating dynamic advertising is different from other types of advertising.

Scanning: Apply scanning techniques and procedures to capture images for design.

Describe the relationship between lines per inch (LPI) and dots per inch (DPI).

Describe the relationship between resolution and file size.

Manipulate input functions, calibrate scanning equipment, save images in various formats, and scale, size, and adjust file resolution to scan images.

Graphics: Create and manipulate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital graphics.

Create digital graphics.

Manipulate the attributes of graphics (e.g., color, shape, size, texture, typography).

Arrange and manage graphics using layers.

Select a graphic file format based on compression, resolution and file size.

Organize and export graphic files for intended use and platform.

Animation: Create digital animation.

Develop a plan and storyboard for an animation.

Create and import two-dimensional (2D) assets and environments.

Create key frames and apply tweens and paths.

Create special effects and virtual navigation.

Create and import three-dimensional (3D) assets and environments.

Create 3D shapes through box modeling.

Create 3D shapes through NURBS.

Describe voxels and its various uses.

Render and export animations for multiple platforms.

Web Page Design: Design and create webpages to appeal to the end user.

Identify how different devices, browsers, and operating systems affect the look of a web page.

Execute usability tests on a completed web page, checking for information accessibility, ease of use, and navigation on multiple platforms and devices.

Publish a functioning web page for multiple devices, including advanced functionalities (e.g., database, ecommerce).

Collect and interpret data analytics.

Transfer files using file compression for transfer or storage and archiving.

Explain how bandwidths affect data transmission.

Describe the basic principles of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its functional relationship with web browsers.

Select a web page template based on website characteristics.

Design a web page based on subject, devices, audience, layout, color, navigation, graphics, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements.

Organize assets for a functional web page.

Create and attach cascading style sheets (CSS).

Incorporate audio, video, graphics, and animations into a web page.

Draft, revise, edit, and proofread to check for format and text accuracy.

Performance; Learners apply knowledge and skills for performance, including roles, processes, procedures, and production design.

Interrelationships: Examine and explore how music, dance, and theatre disciplines connect to create a production.

Identify the similarities and differences in preparation and audition among the performing arts disciplines.

Evaluate the importance of the audience and its relationship to the performance.

Explain the differences between practice, rehearsal, tech week, and performance.

Explain the level of skill and training to reach a professional production level of a performance.

Describe and critique the elements of a performance from an audience member’s perspective.

Determine the relationship among production elements including costume, scenic, lighting, video, sound, and property design.

Describe the role of the stage manager.

Acting Process: Create, research, and perform a variety of believable, multidimensional roles.

Analyze a script and use clues, inherent in the dialogue, to create a character.

Apply presentational, representational, and experimental acting techniques to a performance.

Evaluate collaborative efforts and artistic choices in informal and formal productions.

Develop memorization techniques for performance.

Develop vocal and physical attributes of a role using the script, direction, and imagination.

Develop the sequence of events for a role based on given circumstances.

Apply a series of everyday activities to the role using sense memory.

Develop the physical, social, and emotional elements of a character through action.

Express a variety of characters and different theatrical styles through vocal qualities, posture, movement, and language.

Sustain a character as an actor in an ensemble rehearsal and performance.

Identify and execute inner monologue, personal imagery, imaginative imagery, personal associations, and elements of action.

Research different social contexts of character relationships, classes, and situations.

Production Management: Assign roles, functions, and procedures based on a script or production plan.

Identify the stages in the production process.

Describe the function and responsibilities of individuals involved in creating, planning, scheduling, and producing a production.

Develop script formats, interpretations, subjects, production choices and ideas.

Secure talent and a location.

Manage personnel and workflow.

Align the scenes and cast with the script or production plan.

Production Design: Adapt the elements of stagecraft to a script or production plan.

Create a design that captures the director’s vision and concept.

Identify and describe the various positions of a running crew (e.g. deck electrician, scenic running crew, rail operator, props master, wardrobe manager, costuming crew, etc.).

Identify and describe the tools used in the scene shop and classify them by purpose (eg. marking, cutting, boring, drilling, shaping, securing, clapping, etc.).

Build basic theatrical scenic items (flats, platforms, stairs, molding, etc.).

Organize and track materials and props through the course of a production.

Identify types of rigging systems used in theatrical spaces.

Identify theatrical lighting fixtures and equipment.

Create a design using standard production elements.

Integrate all design elements (e.g., costuming, scenery, lighting, audio, projections, videos, and properties) to reflect the mood, setting, and socioeconomic statuses indicated in the production plan.

Determine stage rigging based on stage configuration.

Create appropriate visual design documentation (e.g. renderings, light plots, ground plans, models, thumbnails sketches) for the various technical theatre fields.

Identify properties and set dressing and their functions and placements in a production.

Identify how highlights and shadows, scenic elements, makeup, costuming, lighting, video, projection, etc. are perceived by a live audience.

Interpret the elements of a simple light plot.

Execute a lighting design.

Costuming: Create and apply wardrobe, hair style, and makeup for a performance.

Develop a character analysis to create costuming for production.

Describe the relationship among costume, scenic, lighting, video, and sound designers.

Create renderings to illustrate design choices based on a script analysis or production plan.

Create and interpret a costume plot to track the movement and specific costuming needs of characters in a play, including quick changes.

Render costume concepts to scale.

Develop a plan to create costumes that are functional and artistically effective.

Compare and contrast the various methods of acquiring costuming within the confines of a budget.

Apply wardrobe, hair, and makeup to convey the mood, character, setting and social status of a character.

Create well-crafted, functional garments using basic and advanced machine and hand sewing techniques.

Adapt commercial sewing patterns for theatrical use.

Performance Demands: Meet the physical, vocal, and psychological demands of performance.

Apply the warm-up process and other techniques that prevent strain on various parts of the body and voice.

Recognize the levels of physical and mental stress as potential risk factors to the body's various movements.

Develop techniques to enhance a performance based on the knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

Develop a nutrition plan and lifestyle choices that support optimal performance and reduce stress and injury.

Anticipate the physical requirements of a performance.

Overcome psychological stresses to minimize their impacts on a performance.

Demonstrate strategies to manage and relieve anxieties.

Rehearsal and Audition: Establish skills and habits necessary for auditions, individual practice and rehearsals.

Plan for different types of auditions and adapt to in-person, audio and video format requirements.

Select the audition material that meets the expectations of the company or individual holding the audition.

Prepare physically and mentally for rehearsal and audition demands.

Critique the strengths and weaknesses of a performance during rehearsal.

Prepare for an audition by identifying required elements including pre-screens, reels, portfolios, resumes, headshots, and websites.

Genres: Analyze and critique the stylistic differences among genres.

Describe, compare, and contrast various styles and traditions.

Identify and compare the lives, works, and influence of significant individuals in various cultures, traditions, and historical periods.

Compare and contrast characteristics (e.g., technique, form, content) of genres from a particular time period or area of influence.

Explain the influence of social context, historical periods and culture in the development of a performance.

Identify styles and epochs in the history of music including chamber, baroque, classical, romantic, jazz, contemporary, instrumental and vocal.

Basic Movement; Execute basic movement concepts in performance.

Use exercises that build strength, stamina, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and non-locomotor movements.

Apply appropriate alignment, isolation, strength, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and non-locomotor movements.

Perform various examples of dance steps and movements within a dance genre.

Exhibit stage presence, confidence, and focus.

Exhibit aesthetic awareness, creation of line, rhythm, musicality, expression, and movement dynamics.

Perform an extended movement sequence or dance sequence from memory.

Space, Time, and Energy: Exhibit the use of space, time, and energy through performance.

Understand the differences among and work within theatrical and non-theatrical spaces, conventional and non-conventional spaces, and structured and unstructured spaces.

Use space and dynamics in solo and ensemble performances.

Respond to meter, rhythmic pattern, and phrasing in a performance.

Apply various patterns in performance movements.

Alter a theatrical, choreographic, or interdisciplinary performance.

Choreography: Choreograph a dance using choreographic principles, processes, and structures.

Apply contrast and transition using choreographic principles.

Apply principles of geometry (e.g. lines, space, patterns) to assemble and organize groups of people to tell a story.

Apply processes of improvisation, reordering, and chance.

Compare and contrast the differences between abstract and narrative movements.

Choreograph dances from multiple genres.

Create a movement sequence that incorporates dance techniques and choreographic forms and principles.

Create unified ensemble movement.

Identify characteristics of group forms in an ensemble work.

Execute the use of balance, counterbalance, and the support of weight through partnering techniques.

Adapt movement to the choreographer’s intent.

Music Elements: Distinguish the elements of music through listening.

Identify pitch, interval, scales, solfege, and chords.

Analyze examples of a varied repertoire of music, representing diverse styles and cultures.

Identify meter.

Identify voice leading and harmonic progressions.

Identify the relationship between melodies and harmony.

Identify the key and tonality of a work.

Identify the rhythmic pattern of a piece of music.

Identify the instrumentation and form of a work.

Identify different instrumental and vocal timbres.

Compare and contrast rhythm, patterns, and style in a performance.

Musical Symbols: Interpret musical symbols.

Identify music notational symbols from a vocal or instrumental score.

Sight read using music theory-based systems.

Identify major, minor, and modal tonalities.

Identify rhythms in various meters.

Interpret articulations, dynamics, expressive symbols, and terms.

Musical Performance: Perform different styles of instrumental or vocal music in solos and ensembles.

Apply the elements of music that produce an expressive effect.

Perform in groups and ensembles, duets, trios, etc.

Perform, with expression and technical accuracy, a varied repertoire of particular styles or genres.

Translate the musical score into a performance.

Respond to the cues of a conductor or section leader.

Perform with attention to key, balance, intonation, phrasing, pitch, and rhythmic accuracy.

Improvise rhythmic and melodic variations over given chord progressions and symbols.

Employ the correct technique required for characteristic tone production, including posture, breath support, hand position, embouchure, and vocal placement.

Identify matching pitches from two or more sources.

Evaluate a performance, composition, arrangement, or improvisation by comparing it to similar or exemplary models.

Musical Composition: Arrange, compose, and score music using notation and sequencing software.

Analyze the form, melody, harmony, and rhythm of a composition.

Transpose musical notation.

Compose and score a musical composition in several distinct styles.

Arrange pieces for voices or instruments, other than those for which the pieces were written.

Compose or arrange music for voices and instruments.

Business Operations/21st Century Skills:  Learners apply principles of economics, business management, marketing and employability in an entrepreneur, manager and employee role to the leadership, planning, developing and analyzing of business enterprises related to the career field.

Employability Skills: Develop career awareness and employability skills (e.g., face-to-face, online) needed for gaining and maintaining employment in diverse business settings.

Identify the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to succeed in careers.

Adapt personal coping skills to adjust to taxing workplace demands.

Recognize different cultural beliefs and practices in the workplace and demonstrate respect for them.

Identify healthy lifestyles that reduce the risk of chronic disease, unsafe habits and abusive behavior.

Identify the scope of career opportunities and the requirements for education, training, certification, licensure and experience (e.g., interdependence of technical and artistic elements).

Develop a career plan that reflects career interests, pathways and secondary and postsecondary options.

Describe the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations and organized labor and use networking techniques to develop and maintain professional relationships.

Develop strategies for self-promotion in the hiring process (e.g., filling out job applications, resumé writing, interviewing skills, portfolio development).

Explain the importance of work ethic, accountability and responsibility and demonstrate associated behaviors in fulfilling personal, community and workplace roles.

Apply problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues when making decisions and formulating solutions.

Identify the correlation between emotions, behavior and appearance and manage those to establish and maintain professionalism.

Give and receive constructive feedback to improve work habits.

Sales and Marketing: Manage pricing, place, promotion, packaging, positioning and public relations to improve quality customer service.

Identify how the roles of sales, advertising and public relations contribute to a company’s brand.

Demonstrate sales techniques.

Determine the customer's needs and identify solutions.

Communicate features, benefits and warranties of a product or service to the customer.

Identify the company policies and procedures for initiating product and service improvements.

Monitor customer expectations and determine product/service satisfaction by using measurement tools.

Discuss the importance of correct pricing to support a product’s or service’s positioning in the marketing mix.

Describe the importance and diversity of distribution channels (i.e., direct, indirect) to sell a product.

Use promotional techniques to maximize sales revenues (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, publicity, public relations).

Describe how product mix (e.g., product line, product items) maximizes sales revenues, market, share and profit margin.

Principles of Business Economics: Examine and employ economic principles, concepts and policies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.

Identify the economic principles that guide geographic location of an industry's facilities (e.g., relative scarcity, price, quantity of products and services).

Identify the difference between monetary and nonmonetary incentives and explain how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.

Use economic indicators to identify economic trends (e.g., deregulation) and conditions (e.g., inflation, interest rate fluctuations, unemployment rates).

Determine how the quality, quantity and pricing of goods and services are affected by domestic and international competition in a market economy.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Explain how financial markets and government policies influence interest rates (credit ratings/debt ceiling), trade deficits and unemployment.

Describe how economic performance and culture are interdependent.

Identify the relationships between economy, society and environment that lead to sustainability (e.g., evolution and impact of the arts).

Describe how laws and regulations influence domestic and international trade.

Leadership and Communications: Process, maintain, evaluate and disseminate information in a business. Develop leadership and team building to promote collaboration.

Extract relevant, valid information from materials and cite sources of information (e.g., First Amendment, Freedom of Information Act).

Use interpersonal skills to provide group leadership, promote collaboration and work in a team (e.g., writer, reporter, designer, director, actor, conductor, technical crew).

Write professional correspondence, documents, job applications and resumés.

Use technical writing skills to complete forms and create reports.

Identify stakeholders and solicit their opinions.

Use motivational strategies to accomplish goals.

Deliver formal and informal presentations.

Identify and use verbal, nonverbal and active listening skills to communicate effectively.

Use negotiation and conflict-resolution skills to reach solutions.

Communicate information (e.g., directions, ideas, vision, workplace expectations) for an intended audience and purpose.

Use proper grammar and expression in all aspects of communication.

Use problem-solving and consensus-building techniques to draw conclusions and determine next steps.

Identify the strengths, weaknesses and characteristics of leadership styles that influence internal and external workplace relationships.

Identify advantages and disadvantages involving digital and/or electronic communications (e.g., common content for large audience, control of tone, speed, cost, lack of non-verbal cues, potential for forwarding information, longevity).

Business Ethics and Law: Analyze how professional, ethical and legal behavior contributes to continuous improvement in organizational performance and regulatory compliance.

Analyze how regulatory compliance affects business operations and organizational performance.

Follow protocols and practices necessary to maintain a clean, safe and healthy work environment.

Use ethical character traits consistent with workplace standards (e.g., honesty, personal integrity, compassion, justice).

Identify how federal and state consumer protection laws affect products and services.

Access and implement safety compliance measures (e.g., quality assurance information, safety data sheets [SDSs], product safety data sheets [PSDSs], United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) that contribute to the continuous improvement of the organization.

Identify deceptive practices (e.g., bait and switch, identity theft, unlawful door-to-door sales, deceptive service estimates, fraudulent misrepresentations) and their overall impact on organizational performance.

Identify the labor laws that affect employment and the consequences of noncompliance for both employee and employer (e.g., harassment, labor, employment, employment interview, testing, minor labor laws, Americans with Disabilities Act, Fair Labor Standards Acts, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC]).

Verify compliance with computer and intellectual property laws and regulations.

Identify potential conflicts of interest (e.g., personal gain, project bidding) between personal, organizational and professional ethical standards.

Knowledge Management and Information Technology: Demonstrate current and emerging strategies and technologies used to collect, analyze, record and share information in business operations.

Use office equipment to communicate (e.g., phone, radio equipment, fax machine, scanner, public address systems).

Select and use software applications to locate, record, analyze and present information (e.g., word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, databases, presentation, Internet search engines).

Verify compliance with security rules, regulations and codes (e.g., property, privacy, access, accuracy issues, client and patient record confidentiality) pertaining to technology specific to the industry pathway.

Use system hardware to support software applications (e.g., innovations in imaging and screen printing).

Use information technology tools to maintain, secure and monitor business records.

Use an electronic database to access and create business and technical information.

Use personal information management and productivity applications to optimize assigned tasks (e.g., lists, calendars, address books).

Use electronic media (e.g., social media) to communicate and follow network etiquette guidelines.

Global Environment: Evaluate how beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors influence organizational strategies and goals.

Describe how cultural understanding, cultural intelligence skills and continual awareness are interdependent.

Describe how cultural intelligence skills influence the overall success and survival of an organization.

Use cultural intelligence to interact with individuals from diverse cultural settings.

Recognize barriers in cross-cultural relationships and implement behavioral adjustments.

Recognize the ways in which bias and discrimination may influence productivity and profitability.

Analyze work tasks for understanding and interpretation from a different cultural perspective.

Use intercultural communication skills (e.g., code switching) to exchange ideas and create meaning.

Identify how multicultural teaming and globalization can foster development of new and improved products and services (e.g., digital) and recognition of new opportunities.

Business Literacy: Develop foundational skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and business operations.

Identify business opportunities.

Describe the impact of globalization on an enterprise or organization.

Describe how all business activities of an organization work within the parameters of a budget.

Describe classifications of employee benefits, rights, deductions and compensations.

Assess the reality of becoming an entrepreneur, including advantages and disadvantages (e.g., risk versus reward, reasons for success and failure).

Explain the importance of planning your business.

Identify types of businesses, ownership and entities (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, public, private, profit, not-for-profit).

Describe organizational structure, chain of command, the roles and responsibilities of the organizational departments and interdepartmental interactions.

Identify the target market served by the organization, the niche that the organization fills and an outlook of the industry.

Identify the effect of supply and demand on products and services.

Identify the features and benefits that make an organization’s product or service competitive.

Explain how the performance of an employee, a department and an organization is assessed.

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs: Analyze the environment in which a business operates and the economic factors and opportunities associated with self-employment.

Compare and contrast the four types of business ownership (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives).

Describe techniques for obtaining experience (e.g., apprenticeship, co-operative [co-op] education, work placement, internship, job shadowing) related to an entrepreneurial objective.

Identify initial steps in establishing a business (e.g., limited liability company [LLC], tax ID, permits, insurance, licensing).

Identify resources available to entrepreneurs (e.g., Small Business Administration, mentors, information resources, educational opportunities, grants for artistic support).

Protect intellectual property and knowledge (e.g., copyright, patent, trademark, trade secrets, processes).

Explain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the roles of nonprofit and for-profit businesses.

Develop a business plan.

Describe life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Create a list of personal strengths, weaknesses, skills and abilities needed to be successful as an entrepreneur.

Explain pathways used to become an entrepreneur.

Conduct a self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Operations Management: Plan, organize and monitor an organization or department to maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Forecast future resources and budgetary needs using financial documents (e.g., balance sheet, demand forecasting, financial ratios).

Analyze how business management and environmental management systems (e.g., health, safety) contribute to continuous improvement and sustainability.

Select and organize resources to develop a product or a service.

Analyze the performance of organizational activities and reallocate resources to achieve established goals.

Identify alternative actions to take when goals are not met (e.g., changing goals, changing strategies, efficiencies).

Use inventory and control systems to purchase materials, supplies and equipment (e.g., Last In, First Out [LIFO]; First In, First Out [FIFO]; Just in Time [JIT]; LEAN).

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying cost and Just-in-Time (JIT) production systems and the effects of maintaining inventory (e.g., perishable, shrinkage, insurance) on profitability.

Collect information and feedback to help assess the organization’s strategic planning and policymaking processes.

Identify routine activities for maintaining business facilities and equipment.

Develop a budget that reflects the strategies and goals of the organization.

Financial Management: Use financial tools, strategies and systems to develop, monitor and control the use of financial resources to ensure personal and business financial well-being.

Create, analyze and interpret financial documents (e.g., budgets, income statements).

Identify the role of depreciation in tax planning and liability.

Identify tax obligations (i.e., opportunities for deductions).

Review and summarize savings, investment strategies and purchasing options (e.g., cash, lease, finance, stocks, bonds).

Identify credit types and their uses in order to establish credit.

Identify ways to avoid or correct debt problems.

Explain how credit ratings and the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity affect access to loans.

Review and summarize categories (types) of insurance and identify how insurances can reduce financial risk.

Identify income sources and expenditures.

Compare and contrast different banking services available through financial institutions.

Design: Learners apply the elements and principles of design and compositional techniques to create works of art and visual layouts for both tactile and digital art forms.

Art Elements and Design Principles: Analyze works of art for the art elements and the design principles needed to create professional products.

Describe art elements of line, value, color, shape, space, form and texture in various media that are used individually or in combination.

Identify specific characteristics (i.e., positive and negative, organic, geometric, quality, weight, direction) of art elements that communicate and express ideas.

Determine how and when to apply the principles of design, including unity, variety, balance, movement, emphasis, visual hierarchy and proportion/scale, to communicate ideas.

Compare and contrast unity and variety within a design.

Contrast formal/symmetrical, informal/asymmetrical and radial balance.

Observe movement shown through repetition, pattern and rhythm.

Interpret emphasis through contrast, isolation, size and placement.

Identify visual hierarchy used to establish dominance.

Recognize the use of proportion/scale.

Color Theory: Assess the use of color for commercial design.

Explain the science of color perception using the electromagnetic spectrum.

Analyze position in color theory models (e.g., color wheel; Munsell’s design relationship among chroma/intensity, value/lightness and hue).

Describe how changes to tint, shade, hue, value, intensity and saturation relate to color theory.

Identify gamut output issues and calibrate color.

Select color profiles for different mediums (e.g., Red Green Blue [RGB], Cyan Magenta Yellow Key [CMYK], Pantone®, Reference Output Medium Metric [ROMM] RGB, CIE-L*a*B* color space).

Replicate color across multiple mediums accommodating how color changes from the monitor to the final product (e.g., coated and uncoated papers, metallic, color-calibrated monitors).

Compare and contrast additive and subtractive color theory (e.g., RGB, CMYK).

Compare and contrast choices using the psychology of color.

Critique the use of color schemes (e.g., primary, secondary, tertiary, analogous, complementary, triads, monochromatic) in various media.

Art Forms: Apply art elements and design principles to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) commercial products using various media to communicate the message and evoke the desired audience response.

Render a proportionately correct portrait and figure drawing.

Draw in one-point, two-point, multi-point and aerial perspectives.

Apply color using pencil, marker, dry media, wet media and digital media.

Demonstrate shape, volume, depth and dimension.

Employ techniques that produce actual and implied texture (e.g., filters, embroidery, embossing, clay, wax, wood, metal).

Select the material based on its characteristics (e.g., design, construction, maintenance, care of product) for the intended use.

Create a 3D design according to specific measurements using drawing, cutting, scoring and bonding techniques.

Visual Layouts: Create layouts for pre-production and analyze the communicative effects on the commercial product.

Create thumbnail and rough sketches.

Determine how the technical characteristics of the print medium affect content and style.

Calculate finishing requirements in a layout (e.g., registration marks, bleed, slugs).

Evaluate the product in terms of the message or meaning for the targeted audience.

Apply the proper color profile for the final output.

Create single and multi-color layouts using images and formats.

Use process color and spot color separations.

Differentiate between raster- and vector-based layouts.

Apply the components of a comprehensive layout (e.g., color scheme, font, white space, text graphics, frames, headings) according to an overall theme for the product.

Determine composition, formal qualities, scale and use of space.

Apply compositional techniques, including rule of thirds, use of a grid system, 180-degree rule, framing, fill frame, pyramid, strong center of interest and aspect ratio.

Create visual continuity among a variety of products.

Typography: Apply typographical elements for a commercial presentation.

Select typefaces (e.g., serif, sans serif).

Apply typography kerning and leading to typefaces for readability.

Use typographic measurements in terms of picas, points, pixels and ems.

Mix families of type within a project.

Use typography as a primary component of logo design.

Determine the effect of various font types on operating systems.

Assess typography’s effects on message delivery and aesthetics (e.g., limit families, readability).

Written Content Creation: Learners apply content creation knowledge and skills to use the intended message for entertainment, journalism or marketing purposes.

Career-based Writing: Develop basic skills and knowledge related to fact-, entertainment- and marketing-based copy.

Analyze the writing content and styles of fact-, entertainment- and marketing-based models.

Select visual imagery to support or enhance copy.

Review, re-write and edit to prepare the final copy for client and artistic approval.

Critique the impact of your writing and incorporate feedback in a revision.

Compare and contrast fiction and nonfiction.

Assess or determine the platform for delivery (e.g., video, audio, print).

Compare and contrast vocabulary, transition words, diction and sentence structure within writing models.

Create copy that emphasizes the central theme through supporting ideas or facts.

Adapt writing for the literacy level of the audience, including the use of readability software.

Critique timeliness, effect and proximity characteristics of copy.

Meet word count and organization-sensitive requirements.

Adapt the format (e.g., web, column) and body style (e.g., inverted-pyramid, hourglass, narrative) based on technical requirements and the purpose for writing.

Entertainment-based Writing: Produce copy for products designed for amusement and enjoyment.

Compare and contrast entertainment-based models of content created for print, electronic, audio, video and audio-visual genres.

Determine how the script dictates various elements, including setting, music and blocking.

Create script for stage, radio, libretti, television and film.

Compare and contrast writing to be read and writing to be performed.

Brainstorm the theme and plot through outlining or storyboarding.

Create copy in verse format using imagery and symbolism to express sensory details and enhance meaning.

Create copy with appropriate tone and content for the speaker or performer.

Annotate copy with phonetic spelling for the speaker or performer.

Create text for fiction and non-fiction artistic genres.

Create fiction and non-fiction scripts for various media.

Develop provocative and persuasive audio essays.

Fact-based Writing: Write concise and focused copy for journalism.

Determine what information is newsworthy.

Apply direct, indirect and partial quotes.

Create content format, length and flow based on purpose, audience and channel.

Create specialized stories.

Engage symmetrical and asymmetrical strategies in the creation and revision of content.

Write stories in basic news style using the inverted pyramid to identify who, what, when, where, why and how.

Identify positions from research and resources while remaining objective.

Compare and contrast objective and subjective fact-based text.

Engage and synthesize primary, secondary, quantitative and qualitative research.

Conduct primary source interviews using face-to-face and electronic programming.

Follow protocol for off-the-record information.

Design a story lead based on purpose and audience.

Create objective and subjective informational text for multiple purposes, including editorial, press releases, biographies, narratives, public service announcements and social media.

Market-based Writing: Write concise, creative, memorable, sellable copy for advertising, public relations and proposals.

Research and analyze trends and local markets for opportunities.

Apply channels of direct mail, online, email, Web and social media strategies.

Determine the wants and needs of the target audience.

Communicate brand image and product value.

Create subjective text to market products, including posters, advertising jingles and opening sequences for television.

Synthesize ideas for primary and secondary messages.

Apply the product, price, promotion and placement components of marketing.

Implement the voice of the customer in branding.

Create and revise messages for word-of-mouth, advertising and social media channels.

Critique advertisements to ensure the achievement of goals and objectives.

Audio, Video and Photo Imaging:  Learners apply knowledge and skills of photography and videography to capture, engineer and manipulate audio, images and video for a media production.

Science of Sound: Apply the characteristics and properties of sound to a professional production.

Analyze sound by its properties, including amplitude, frequency, wavelength, velocity, diffraction, diffusion, phase and harmonics.

Classify elements in sound transduction, including resistance, balanced versus unbalanced lines and how sound energy is converted into electrical energy.

Identify sound as measured or perceived.

Identify sound pressure level (SPL).

Analyze acoustics and their impact on sound.

Apply the principles of direct sound, early reflection and reverberation.

Deconstruct the four elements of a waveform signal.

Apply the principles of digital audio theory (e.g., sampling rate, Nyquist Theorem).

Audio Capturing: Apply the principles and properties of how sound is measured, converted and perceived to capture an audio recording for professional purposes.

Determine sound recording requirements.

Compare and contrast microphone properties (e.g., polar patterns, type of transducer) with their intended use (e.g., handheld, wireless, boom).

Determine microphone and speaker placement, according to their directional characteristics.

Record on dual system devices.

Import audio using analog-to-digital interfaces (e.g., Musical Instrument Digital Interface [MIDI], breakout boxes).

Organize a production from audio recording to distributing.

Distinguish among digital media formats (e.g., .mp3, .mp4, .wav, .aiff).

Select a score for production and post-production needs.

Audio Operations: Manipulate recordings for professional purposes.

Produce live sound, tracks and overdubbing (e.g., narrative, voiceover, music).

Select and place audio amplifiers, speakers and monitors for the planned effect.

Eliminate feedback by applying principles of electronics equalization.

Apply the principles of compression and limiting.

Differentiate between linear and non-linear transfers.

Synchronize new audio tracks with previously recorded video and audio tracks.

Perform audio mixing, including relative level, spatial positioning, equalization, dynamics processing and effects processing).

Apply virtual mixing techniques.

Apply the principles of time-based effects.

Synchronize sound effects for film, television, radio or live performances.

Adjust sound according to the needs of the environment.

Lighting: Measure and manipulate lighting based on the characteristics and properties of light.

Measure light levels using a light exposure meter.

Employ the characteristics (e.g., hard light, diffused light, incident light) and properties of light.

Manipulate and direct light using ratios, gels, filters, diffusion and gobos.

Implement lighting techniques (e.g., four-point, bounce, high-key, low-key, cross-key, mixed) to produce specific effects.

Photography: Capture and edit still images for commercial purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different image capturing devices.

Modify an image through color-management and special effects.

Enhance an image with tone, contrast, filters, composites and sharpening techniques.

Retouch an image by cloning, healing, patching and rebuilding.

Integrate image capture with post-production processes.

Capture multiple images and render them in high dynamic range.

Clean and maintain camera equipment.

Identify the effects of ISO settings on image quality.

Achieve proper exposure through light, shutter speed and aperture.

Affect apparent motion through shutter speed.

Manipulate aperture settings to alter depth of field.

Alter image through focus, white balance, exposure modes and polarization.

Capture images through various lenses and camera angles.

Modify images through sizing, cropping and output resolution.

Videography: Shoot video for professional and archival purposes.

Analyze the capabilities of different video devices.

Select, prepare, clean and maintain equipment for a production.

Achieve proper exposure and depth of field using gain, white balance, focus, focal length, audio controls, bars and tone.

Select file format, frame speed and resolution.

Frame shots for proper composition, including extreme long, long, medium, close-up, extreme closeup, two-shot, over-the-shoulder, head room, nose room and lead room.

Apply screen direction using vectors (e.g., motion, index, graphic).

Create steady shots and smooth camera movements using handheld techniques, tripods and other stabilizing equipment.

Create slow/fast motion effect by adjusting shutter speed.

Log video during shooting.

Audio/Video Editing: Edit post-production audio or video for commercial purposes.

Compare and contrast linear and nonlinear digital editing systems for audio/video.

Export and upload media in the appropriate format (e.g., print to video, DVD, video file).

Import and log media for editing.

Manage files of digital clips.

Use storyboard techniques to place media on a timeline.

Correct color, condense and enhance a video production.

Edit audio or video online and offline with transitions, cutting points, order of shots and continuity.

Add special effects to a video through filters, keying and image control.

Mix audio for video through filters, ambient sound, sound effects, equalization (EQ) and matching levels.

Create graphics for video products (e.g., titles, still images).

Print Production Process:  Learners apply knowledge and skills to produce print or digital products.

File Preflight: Preflight files before printing.

Load customer files on a prepress system and open in a design application.

Compare the on-screen layout to the customer proof.

Examine the page format for production or output issues, including pagination, bleeds, folds, imposition, total ink coverage and color separations.

Examine font and picture usage for mapping, alignment, linking and resolution issues.

Identify color correction factors, including assignment, gamut, dot gain, screen angles, trapping, gray balance and rich black.

Troubleshoot files coded with computer programming language.

Confirm file accuracy through test printing.

File Output: Output files for print production.

Determine the resolution of the output device.

Apply color management through a calibrated system.

Manage output factors, including file management and raster image processing.

Interpret printers’ marks.

Verify that imagesetter materials and settings are correct.

Compare image carrier generation methods, including computer-to-plate [CTP], film based, screen and flexography.

Analyze factors for image carrier issues, including depleted chemistry and light leak.

Check color separations.

Offset Image Control Systems: Set up substrate and image control systems for printing.

Describe substrate transport pathways.

Apply color matching specifications for industry recognized systems.

Maintain conductivity and pH levels for offset printing.

Set up and adjust register systems.

Maintain image density and coverage.

Compare drying methods, including heat, oxidation, ultraviolet [UV], additives and infrared.

Preserve image carriers.

Select ink types based on their properties and product specifications.

Printed Images: Create printed images according to the client’s approved proof.

Compare and contrast color density proofs and press sheets for offset, wide-format inkjet and laser formats using visual and equipment readings.

Interpret color bars.

Analyze the effects of single-color and multiple-color (e.g., Pantone®, spot color) output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze the effects of process color output on various substrates (e.g., paper, plastic, recycled materials).

Analyze and maintain print quality controls for offset, wide-format inkjet and laser formats.

Produce copies following project specifications.

Identify the image quality factors that are measured by a densitometer and a spectrophotometer and other quality control devices.

Digital Print Methods: Analyze digital print technologies for digital and offset production.

Identify digital printing technologies and uses, including laser, toner-based xerography, ink-based digital and wide-format inkjet.

Create digital masters for production, including offset and digital ink-based printing.

Analyze the raster image processor (RIP), including its functionality, purpose and significance in a digital printing workflow.

Identify the types of file formats that can be sent to a RIP.

Compare digital printing to offset printing.

Compare and contrast proofing techniques used in digital and offset printing technologies.

Compare the differences between colorants and substrates used in digital printing versus offset printing.

Identify substrate-related print quality issues as they relate to digital printing.

Identify the basic subsystems and the functions of the components of digital output devices.

Digital Production Printing: Produce digital print jobs on digital print systems.

Use database software and text/graphics to create a variable data printing job.

Plan and execute a digital job, including reading and interpreting production information on a job docket/ticket, maintaining a checklist and queuing a job.

Determine the proper output device according to job specifications.

Select finishing methods within the output software, including stitching, folding, booklet-making and hole-punching.

Manage output product types for digital printing.

Print black-and-white and process-color jobs on coated and uncoated paper.

Analyze the capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Screen Printing and Embroidery: Engage screen printing and embroidery operations.

Identify substrates and their marketable applications in screen printing and embroidery.

Reclaim screens and waste materials for screen printing projects.

Compare the differences in screen printing inks and embroidery threads.

Adjust the factors that determine the quality of the impression (e.g., angle, pressure, speed, composition).

Compare light-emitting diode (LED) lamps to medium-pressure mercury lamps and select the lamp for the given screen printing purpose.

Explain image digitization for embroidery purposes.

Explain stitch count and hoop size, using embroidery software.

Perform maintenance on embroidery machines.

Create final print materials for screen printing and embroidery and verify printing quality.

Dry or cure printed objects for screen printing projects.

Binding and Finishing: Evaluate post image transfer finishing methods and techniques.

Identify post image transfer finishing requirements.

Calculate basic paper cuts and strategies.

Assemble three-dimensional (3D) products (e.g., packaging, promotional and point-of-purchase displays, folders, pop-up books).

Describe and identify inline- and offline-finishing systems.

Explain specifications for folding and using mockups.

Fold products, using single-, letter- and tri-fold.

Score and perforate products.

Bind products through drilling, perfect binding and saddle and flat stitching techniques.

Finish a saddle-stitched product through in-line, near-line and off-line methods.

Identify requirements for padding.

Apply specialty finishing processes, including thermography, foil stamping, embossing and die cutting.

Digital Design:  Learners apply knowledge and skills of digital design to manipulate and animate new and existing audio, video or photo images to create graphics for internet, broadcast, mobile and other multimedia applications.

Content Management: Import, store, export and manage digital assets.

Identify the characteristics that make media interactive.

Compare how digital and interactive media are used in different environments (e.g., kiosks, electronic billboards, Digital Out of Home [DOoH] signage, games).

Select an application according to its capabilities in meeting the purpose and budget.

Import media into the selected application.

Identify the hardware capabilities of various devices and how processor speed, Random Access Memory (RAM), monitor resolution and media storage affect the development and use of digital projects.

Convert file formats for use in editing software and other applications.

Export media in the appropriate format for delivery.

Manage digital assets through organizational techniques (e.g., metadata, keywords, file/folder structure, name conventions).

Scanning: Apply scanning techniques and procedures to capture images for design.

Describe the relationship between lines per inch (LPI) and dots per inch (DPI).

Describe the relationship between resolution and file size.

Manipulate input functions and calibrate scanning equipment (e.g., descreening, gamma, resolution).

Scan images.

Save images in various modes, resolutions and formats.

Scale, size and adjust file resolution for multiple uses.

Graphics: Create and manipulate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital graphics.

Draw digital graphics.

Manipulate the attributes of graphics (e.g., color, shape, size, texture).

Arrange graphics using layers.

Select a graphic file format based on compression, resolution and file size.

Optimize and export graphic files for intended use.

Animation: Create digital animation.

Develop a plan and storyboard for an animation.

Import two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) assets.

Create key frames and apply tweens and paths.

Create special effects and virtual navigation.

Create environments for 2D and 3D animations.

Render and export animations.

Web Page Design: Design and create webpages to appeal to the end user.

Identify how different devices, browsers and operating systems affect the look of a web page.

Create and attach cascading style sheets (CSS).

Design a data entry form from specifications that will accept a variety of user inputs (e.g., radio buttons, text entry fields, check boxes, drop-down menus).

Incorporate audio, video, graphics and animations into a web page.

Create rollovers, text wraps and hyperlinks.

Draft, revise, edit and proofread to check for format and text accuracy.

Execute usability tests on a completed web page, checking for information accessibility, ease of use and navigation on multiple platforms and devices.

Publish a functioning web page for multiple devices, including advanced functionalities (e.g., database, ecommerce).

Collect and interpret data analytics.

Transfer files using file compression for transfer or storage.

Explain how bandwidths affect data transmission.

Describe the basic principles of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its functional relationship with web browsers.

Select a web page template based on website characteristics.

Design a web page based on subject, devices, audience, layout, color, navigation, graphics and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements.

Organize assets for a functional web page.

Create and format ordered and unordered lists on a web page.

Create and format a table on a web page.

Integrate inline styles.

Performance:  Learners apply knowledge and skills for performance, including roles, processes, procedures and production design.

Interrelationships: Examine and explore how music, dance and theatre disciplines connect to create a production.

Identify the similarities in preparation and audition among the performing arts disciplines.

Evaluate the importance of the audience and its relationship to the performance.

Describe how the level of training impacts a performance.

Explain the level of skill and training to reach a professional production level of a performance.

Describe and critique the elements of a performance from an audience member’s perspective.

Determine the relationship among costume, scenic, lighting and sound designers.

Acting Process: Create, research and perform a variety of believable, multidimensional roles.

Analyze a script and use clues, inherent in the dialogue, to create a character.

Apply classical and contemporary acting techniques.

Evaluate collaborative efforts and artistic choices in informal and formal productions.

Develop vocal and physical attributes of a role using the script, direction and imagination.

Develop the score of action for a role based on given circumstances.

Apply a series of everyday activities to the role through sensory imagination.

Develop the physical, social and emotional elements of a character through action.

Express a variety of characters and different theatrical styles through vocal qualities, posture, movement and language.

Sustain a character as an actor in an ensemble rehearsal and performance.

Identify and execute inner monologue, personal imagery, imaginative imagery, personal associations and elements of action.

Research different social contexts of character relationships, classes and situations.

Production Management: Assign roles, functions and procedures based on a script or production plan.

Identify the stages in the production process.

Describe the function and responsibilities of individuals involved in creating, planning, scheduling and producing a production.

Develop script formats, interpretations, subjects, production choices and ideas.

Secure talent and a location.

Manage personnel and workflow.

Align the scenes and cast with the script or production plan.

Production Design: Adapt the elements of stagecraft to a script or production plan.

Create a design that captures the director’s vision and concept.

Create a design using standards scenery elements.

Integrate all design elements (e.g., costuming, scenery, lighting, audio and properties) to reflect the mood, setting and socioeconomic statuses indicated in the production plan.

Determine stage rigging based on stage configuration.

Create a set rendering, scale ground plan and set model using different techniques (e.g., collage, paint elevation chart, thumbnail design).

Identify stagecraft properties and their function and placement in a production.

Execute scenic painting, lighting and costuming based on the audience’s perception of highlights and shadows.

Interpret the elements of a simple light plot.

Execute a lighting design.

Costuming: Create and apply wardrobe, hair style and makeup for a performance.

Develop a character analysis to create costuming for production.

Describe the relationship among costume, scenic, lighting and sound designers.

Create renderings to illustrate design choices based on a script analysis or production plan.

Create and interpret a costume plot to track the movement and specific costuming needs of characters in a play, including quick changes.

Render costume concepts to scale.

Develop a plan to create costumes that are functional and artistically effective.

Compare and contrast the various methods of acquiring costuming within the confines of a budget.

Apply wardrobe, hair and makeup to convey the mood, character, setting and social status of a character.

Create garments using machine and hand sewing.

Adapt commercial sewing patterns for theatrical use.

Performance Demands: Meet the physical, vocal and psychological demands of a performance.

Apply the warm-up process and other techniques that prevent strain on various parts of the body and voice.

Recognize physical stress as a potential risk factor to the body’s various movements.

Develop techniques to enhance a performance based on the knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

Develop a nutrition plan and lifestyle choices that support optimal performance and reduce stress and injury.

Anticipate the physical requirements of a performance.

Overcome psychological stresses to minimize their impacts on a performance.

Manage and relieve anxieties.

Rehearsal and Audition: Establish skills and habits necessary for auditions, individual practice and rehearsals.

Plan for different types of auditions and adapt to in-person, audio and video format requirements.

Select the audition material that meets the expectations of the company or individual holding the audition.

Prepare physically and mentally for rehearsal and audition demands.

Critique the strengths and weaknesses of a performance during rehearsal.

Genres: Analyze and critique the stylistic differences among genres.

Compare and contrast the various styles.

Identify and compare the lives, works and influence of significant individuals in various cultures, traditions and historical periods.

Compare and contrast characteristics (e.g., technique, form, content) of genres from a particular time period or area of influence.

Explain the influence of social context, historical periods and culture in the development of a performance.

Basic Movement: Execute basic movement concepts in performance.

Use exercises that build strength, stamina, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and nonlocomotor movements.

Apply appropriate alignment, isolation, strength, flexibility, agility and coordination in locomotor and non-locomotor movements.

Perform various examples of dance steps and movements within a dance genre.

Exhibit stage presence, confidence and focus.

Exhibit aesthetic awareness, creation of line, rhythm, musicality, expression and movement dynamics.

Perform an extended movement sequence or dance sequence from memory.

Space, Time and Energy: Exhibit the use of space, time and energy through performance.

Work within conventional and nonconventional spaces.

Use space and dynamics in solo and ensemble performances.

Respond to meter, rhythmic pattern and phrasing in a performance.

Apply various patterns in performance movements.

Alter a theatrical, choreographic or interdisciplinary performance.

Choreography: Choreograph a dance using choreographic principles, processes and structures.

Apply contrast and transition using choreographic principles.

Apply processes of improvisation, reordering and chance.

Compare and contrast the differences between abstract and narrative movements.

Choreograph dances from multiple genres.

Create a movement sequence that incorporates dance techniques and choreographic forms and principles.

Create unified ensemble movement.

Critique a choreographed complementary and contrasting form for an ensemble.

Execute the use of balance, counter-balance and the support of weight through partnering techniques.

Adapt movement to the choreographer’s intent.

Music Elements: Distinguish the elements of music through listening.

Identify pitch, interval, scales, solfege and chords.

Analyze examples of a varied repertoire of music, representing diverse styles and cultures.

Identify meter.

Identify voice leading and harmonic progressions.

Identify the relationship between melodies and harmony.

Identify the tonality of work.

Identify the rhythmic pattern of a piece of music.

Identify texture and form.

Identify different instrumental and vocal timbres.

Compare and contrast rhythm, patterns and style in a performance.

Musical Symbols: Interpret musical symbols.

Identify music notational symbols from a vocal or instrumental score.

Sight read using music theory-based systems.

Identify major, minor and modal tonalities.

Identify rhythms in various meters.

Interpret articulations, dynamics, expressive symbols and terms.

Musical Performance: Perform different styles of instrumental or vocal music in solos and ensembles.

Apply the elements of music that produce an expressive effect.

Perform, with expression and technical accuracy, a varied repertoire of particular styles or genres.

Translate the musical score into a performance.

Respond to the cues of a conductor or section leader.

Perform with attention to key, balance, intonation, phrasing, pitch and rhythmic accuracy.

Improvise rhythmic and melodic variations over given chord progressions and symbols.

Employ the correct technique required for characteristic tone production, including posture, breath support, hand position, embouchure and vocal placement.

Identify matching pitches from two or more sources.

Evaluate a performance, composition, arrangement or improvisation by comparing it to similar or exemplary models.

Musical Composition: Arrange, compose and score music using notation and sequencing software.

Analyze the form, melody, harmony and rhythm of a composition.

Transpose musical notation.

Compose and score a musical composition in several distinct styles.

Arrange pieces for voices or instruments, other than those for which the pieces were written.

Compose or arrange music for voices and instruments.

Research and Experiments: Use scientific methodology to conduct problem-based studies, develop products, and interpret results.

Design a research plan, including the significance of the problem, purpose, hypotheses, objectives, appropriate controls, independent variables, dependent variables, methods of study, and a list of materials.

Describe the relationships among variables using correlations and draw conclusions.

Draw conclusions based on observations and data analyses, recognizing that experimental results must be open to the scrutiny of others.

Prepare and present findings using scientific reports.

Evaluate experimental failure and use integrity to communicate findings.

Describe how biotechnology products are produced and used in the United States.

Describe how biotechnology products are regulated in the United States.

Describe biotechnology product safety assessment.

Identify the purpose of a bioreactor and its use in the agricultural industry.

Examine sources for credibility.

Apply sampling methods that appropriately represent the population and implement procedures for systematic data collection.

Explain the importance and design of trialing, and the information gained from it.

Document results of the experiment in a laboratory notebook, including a statement of purpose, experimental design, observations, results, conclusions, and next steps.

Create, interpret, and use tabular and graphical displays and describe the data.

Compute measures of central tendency to interpret results and draw conclusions.

Define the concepts of confidence intervals and significant figures.

Use t-test and p-value to determine statistical significance of results.

Laboratory Standards Operational Procedures: Conduct experiments using proper industry-based protocols, methods, and techniques.

Use aseptic techniques to collect, prepare, and test samples.

Describe industry-based and required regulatory quality assurance practices for documentation.

Prepare and dispense stock reagents, buffers, media, and solutions by calculating concentrations, adjusting factors such as pH, and selecting purification techniques and equipment.

Test and maintain the integrity of stains, regents, chemicals, and mounts.

Select and apply sterilization methods for regents, buffers, media, biological samples, and solutions.

Perform laboratory measures by calculating and preparing a serial dilution, calculating quantities needed to perform a test analysis, and calculating unit conversions and concentrations (graphing results).

Monitor physical properties of reagents, buffers, media, and solutions for conductivity and resistivity, pH, and turbidity, and explain the significance of each.

Perform separation techniques, including chemical separations, chromatography, centrifugation, distillation and filtration, and interpret the results.

Titrate liquids.

Create a standard operating procedure and explain its use.

Specimen, Equipment and Chemical Handling: Handle, prepare, transport, store, and dispose of specimens and chemicals. Monitor, record, and maintain the integrity of equipment and instrumentation, environmental conditions of the facility and inventory.

Prepare and interpret labels for chemicals, supplies, and equipment.

Use and maintain a record keeping system for laboratory equipment, chemicals, or products.

Use and maintain an inventory management system.

Use and calibrate precision weighing and measuring techniques (e.g. analytical balance, micropipette), based on the metric system.

Use volumetric glassware to accurately measure liquids.

Use chemical references to identify hazards associated with handling and storing chemicals.

Safely transfer chemicals from storage containers to equipment used in the laboratory.

Neutralize acids, bases, or caustic solutions for handling and disposal.

Sample, monitor, and record the environmental conditions of a facility (e.g. air quality, HEPA, temperature, microbial contaminations).

Identify and describe the purpose of common laboratory equipment.

Select personal protective equipment for various laboratory protocols.

Identify required tools and procedures of different biosafety levels.

Adjust, calibrate, and perform systems diagnostics on laboratory equipment.

Applying Chemistry to Laboratory Practices: Using common laboratory equipment, apply general and organic chemistry concepts to examine the structures, functions, binding of molecules, and methodologies for their purity and characterization.

Illustrate electron configurations of elements, compounds, and mixtures.

Identify materials that can be used as a catalyst and describe their role in reactions.

Predict endothermic and exothermic characteristics of chemical reactions.

Use naming systems, including common and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) conventions.

Calculate errors in various measurements, based on data acquired using common laboratory equipment.

Apply standard rules for determining the number of significant figures in measurements and in the answers to corresponding calculations.

Convert units of measure from English to metric, within the English system, and within the metric system.

Calculate the volume, temperature, and pressure of gases using the ideal gas law, Charles's Law, and Boyle's Law.

Use the periodic table to describe atomic structure and to characterize molecules based on functional groups.

Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds.

Use common and chemical nomenclature for organic and inorganic materials.

Write names and formulas for common compounds.

Prepare solutions based on molarity, percent weight per volume (w/v) and percent volume per volume (v/v).

Describe chemical bonding, bond types, and the relationships that they have with the physical state of materials.

Apply the concepts of stoichiometry and the laws of thermodynamics to chemical reactions.

Balance chemical reactions.

Microbiology Testing and Technology: Classify, differentiate between, and test for various kinds of microorganisms and microbial by- products.

Explain classification, composition, and preparation of culture media and prepare media for propagation.

Differentiate between types of viruses.

Explain virulence, pathogenicity, and the factors that contribute to pathogenicity.

Explain how chemical energy operates major cell processes (e.g. biosynthesis, movement, transport, growth).

Identify bacteriologic methods necessary for the isolation and identification of organisms.

Identify factors that affect and optimize rates of enzyme assay reactions.

Describe the purpose of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and interpret the results.

Describe types of assays and distinguish uses and limitations.

Follow complex instructions in performing an assay and explain the role of each step.

Perform biochemical assays of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and enzymes.

Identify the purpose and implementation of bioassays for pathogens.

Operate centrifuge, dissecting scope, compound microscope, spectrophotometer, incubator, colony counter, pipettes, and other basic microbiology and analytical equipment to examine biological specimens.

Apply quality assurance control processes within the lab setting (e.g. pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic sources of error).

Perform autoclave sterilization.

Explain the principles of microscopy and process a specimen for light microscopy.

Perform Gram staining to identify morphology and gram results of bacteria.

Prepare, incubate, and identify colonies microscopically and macroscopically (e.g., colonial morphology, staining procedures, biochemical analysis).

Use microbial taxonomy and classification systems to identify microbial organisms.

Compare and contrast cellular structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Identify aerobic bacteria through morphological, physical, and biochemical properties.

Obtain specimens for microbiological testing.

Molecular-Genetics and Technology: Apply knowledge of genetic inheritance and modification to organisms and use genetic information and bioinformatics to analyze specimens.

Use Punnett Square to predict and explain Mendel's Laws, genotype, and phenotype.

Explain cloning techniques including vector preparation, transformation, and selection.

Preform spectroscopy of biological materials explaining the principles behind the procedures, the purpose of a blank, and determine the concentration of biomolecular samples.

Evaluate genomes in relation to food, plants, animals, and natural resources.

Perform genotyping analysis for genetic diagnostics.

Transform bacteria with exogenous DNA to alter bacterial metabolism, reproduction, cell structures, and their functions.

Describe types and features of passive and active transport systems.

Describe molecular behavior and structure of large molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Describe genome sequencing and the information gained from it.

Describe artificial selection and how it is used in plant and animal breeding.

Define genetically modified organisms and explain their impact on society.

Explain epigenetics and provide examples of its effects.

Describe how vectors (e.g., plasmids, transposons, viruses) are used to transform hosts and microorganisms.

Explain gene by environment interactions.

Describe the difference between a quantitative and qualitative gene trait and give examples of each.

Model, predict, and diagram the three-dimensional shape, types of bonds (covalent and hydrogen bonds), and antiparallel nature of DNA.

Model central dogma of molecular biology (e.g. replication, transcription, translation).

Describe post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of RNA and describe its function.

Explain gene editing including the process, possible benefits, and potential risks.

Identify, isolate, and manipulate peptides and proteins (i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures).

Analyze DNA using common laboratory techniques (e.g. DNA isolation, gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme digest, Southern Blotting, Northern Blotting).

Use bioinformatics to analyze DNA and proteins.

Business Operations/21st Century Skills: Learners apply principles of economics, business management, marketing, and employability in an entrepreneur, manager, and employee role to the leadership, planning, developing, and analyzing of business enterprises related to the career field.

Employability Skills: Develop career awareness and employability skills (e.g., face-to-face, online) needed for gaining and maintaining employment in diverse business settings.

Identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to succeed in careers.

Adapt personal coping skills to adjust to taxing workplace demands.

Recognize different cultural beliefs and practiecs in the workplace and demonstrate respect for them.

Identify healthy lifestyles that reduce the risk of chronic disease, unsafe habits, and abusive behavior.

Identify the scope of career opportunities and the requirements for education, training, certification, licensure, and experience.

Develop a career plan that reflects career interest, pathways, and secondary and postsecondary options.

Describe the role and function of professional organizations, industry associations, and organized labor and use netwroking techniques to develop and maintain professional relationships.

Develop strategies for self-promotion in the hiring process (e.g., filling out job applications, resume writing, interviewing skills, portfolio development).

Explain the importance of work ethic, accountability, and responsibility and demonstrate associated behaviors in fulfilling personal, community, and workplace roles.

Apply problem-solving and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues when making decisions and formulating solutions.

Identify the correlation between emotions, behavior, and appearance and manage those to establish and maintain professionalism.

Give and receive constructive feedback to improve work habits.

Sales and Marketing: Manage pricing, place, promotion, packaging, positioning, and public relations to improve quality customer service.

Identify how the roles of sales, advertising, and public relations contribute to a company's brand.

Demonstrate sales techniques.

Determine the customer's/client's needs and identify solutions and potential community resources.

Communicate features, benefit, and warranties of a product or service to the customer/client.

Identify the company policies and procedures for initiating product and service improvements.

Monitor customer/client expectations and determine product/service satisfaction by using measurement tools.

Discuss the importance of correct pricing to support a product's or service's positioning in the market mix.

Describe the importance and diversity of distribution channels (i.e., direct, indirect) to sell a product.

Use promotional techniques to maximize sales revenues (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, publicity, public relations).

Describe how product mix (e.g., product line, product items) maximizes sales revenues, market share, and profit margin.

Principles of Business Economics: Examine and employ economic principles, concepts, and policies to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.

Identify the economic principles that guide geographic location of an inducstry's facilities (e.g., relative scarcity, price, quantity of products and services).

Identify the different between monetary and non-monetary incentives and explain how changes in incentives cause changes in behavior.

Use economic indicators to identify economic trends and conditions (e.g., inflation, interest, rate fluctuations, unemployment rates).

Determine how the quality, quantity, and pricing of goods and services are affected by domestic and international competition in a market economy.

Analyze factors that affect currency and exchange rates.

Explain how financial markets and government policies influence interest rates (credit ratings/debt ceiling), trade deficits, and unemployment.

Describe how economic performance and culture are interdependent.

Identify the relationships between economy, society, and environment that lead to sustainability.

Describe how laws and regulations influence domestic and international trade.

Leadership and Communications: Process, maintain, evaluate, and disseminate information in a business. Develop leadership and team building to promote collaboration.

Extract relevant, valid information from materials and cite sources of information (e.g., medical reports, fitness assessment, medical test results).

Use interpersonal skills to provide group leadership, promote collaboration, and work in a team.

Write professional correspondence, documents, job applications, and resumes.

Use technical writing skills to complete forms and create reports.

Identify stakeholders and solicit their opinions.

Use motivational strategies to accomplish goals.

Deliver formal and information presentations.

Identify and use verbal, non-verbal, and active listening skills to communicate effectively.

Use negotiation and conflict resolution skills to reach solutions.

Communicate information for an intended audience and purpose.

Use proper grammar and expression in all aspects of communication.

Use problem-solving and consensus-building techniques to draw conclusions and determine next steps.

Identify the strengths, weaknesses, and characteristics of leadership styles that influence internal and external workplace relationships.

Identify advantages and disadvantages involving digital and/or electronic communications.

Business Ethics and Law: Analyze how professional, ethical, and legal behavior contributes to continuous improvement in organizational performance and regulatory compliance.

Recognize how regulatory compliance affects business operations and organizational performance.

Follow protocols and practices necessary to maintain a clean, safe, and healthy work environment.

Use ethical character traits consistent with workplace standards (e.g., honesty, personal integrity, compassion, justice).

Identify how federal and state consumer protection laws affect products and services.

Access and implement safety compliance measures (e.g., quality assurance information, safety data sheets [SDSs], product safety data sheets [PSDSs], US EPA, US OSHA) that contribute to the continuous improvement of the organization.

Identify deceptive practices (e.g., bait and switch, identity theft, unlawful door-to-door sales, deceptive service estimates, fraudulent misrepresentations) and their overall impact on organizational performance.

Identify the labor and practice laws that affect employment and the consequences of noncompliance for both employee and employer (e.g., harassment, labor, employment, employment interview, testing, minor labor laws, ADA, Fair Labor Standards Act, EEOC, human trafficking) and interpret personal safety rights according to the employee Right-to-Know Plan.

Verify compliance with computer and intellectual property laws and regulations.

Identify potential conflicts of interest (e.g., personal gain, project bidding) between personal, organizational, and professional ethical standards.

Knowledge Management and Information Technology: Demonstrate current and emerging strategies and technologies used to collect, analyze, record, and share information in business operations.

Use office equipment to communicate (e.g., phone, radio equipment, fax machine, scanner, public address systems).

Select and use software applications to locate, record, analyze, and present information (e.g., word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, database, presentation, Internet search engines).

Verify compliance with security rules, regulations, and codes (e.g., property, privacy, access, accuracy issues, client and patient confidentiality) pertaining to technology specific to the industry pathway.

Use system hardware to support software applications.

Use information technology tools to maintain, secure, and monitor business records.

Use an electronic database to access and create business and technical information.

Use personal information management and productivity applications to optimize assigned tasks (e.g., lists, calendars, address books).

Use electronic media to communicate and follow network etiquette guidelines.

Global Environment: Evaluate how beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors influence organizational strategies and goals.

Describe how cultural undertanding, cultural intelligence skills, and continual awareness are interdependent.

Describe how cultural intelligence skills influence the overall success and survival of an organization.

Use cultural intelligence to interact with individuals from diverse cultural settings.

Recognize barriers in cross-cultural relationships and implement behavioral adjustments.

Recognize the ways in which bias and discrimination may influence productivity and profitability.

Analyze work tasks for understanding and interpretation from a different cultural perspective.

Use intercultural communication skills to exchange ideas and create meaning.

Identify how multicultural teaming and globalization can foster development of new and improved products and services and recognition of new oportunities.

Business Literacy: Develop foundational skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship, financial literacy, and business operations.

Identify business opportunities.

Describe the impact of globalization on an enterprise or organization.

Describe how all business activities of an organization work within the parameters of a budget.

Describe classifications of employee benefits, rights, deducations, and compensations.

Assess the reality of becoming an entrepreneur, including advantages and disadvantages (e.g., risk versus reward, reasons for success and failure).

Explain the importance of planning your business.

Identify types of businesses, ownership, and entities (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, public, private, profit, and not-for-profit).

Describe organizational structure, chain of command, the roles and responosobilities of the organizational departments and interdepartmental interactions (e.g., following the physician's orders).

Identify the target market served by the organization, the niche that the organization fills, and an outlook of the industry.

Identify the effect of supply and demand on products and services.

Identify the features and benefits that make an organization's product or service competitive.

Explain how the performance of an employee, a department, and an organization is assessed.

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurs: Analyze the environment in which a business operates and the economic factors and opportunities associated with self-employment.

Compare and contrast the four types of business ownership (i.e., individual proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives).

Describe techniques for obtaining experience (e.g., apprenticeship, co-op, education, work placement, internship, job shadowing) related to an entrepreneurial objective.

Identify initial steps in establishing a business (e.g., limited liability company, tax ID, permits, insurance, licensing).

Identify resources available to entrepreneurs (e.g., SBA, mentors, information resources, educational opportunities).

Protect intellectual property and knowledge (e.g., copyright, patent, trademark, trade secrets, processes).

Explain the role of profit as the incentive to entrepreneurs in a market economy.

Identify the factors that contribute to the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures.

Assess the role of non-profit and for-profit businesses.

Develop a business plan.

Describe the life cycles of an entrepreneurial business and an entrepreneur.

Create a list of personal strengths, weaknesses, skills, and abilities needed to be successful as an entrepreneur.

Explain pathways used to become an entrepreneur.

Conduct a self-assessment to determine entrepreneurial potential.

Operations Management: Plan, organize, and monitor an organization or department to maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Forecast future resources and budgetary needs using financial documents (e.g., balance sheet, demand forecasting, financial ratios).

Analyze how business management and environmental management systems (e.g., health, safety) contribute to continuous improvement and sustainability.

Select and organize resources to develop a product or service.

Analyze the performance of organizational activities and reallocate resources to achieve established goals.

Identify alternative actions to take when goals are not met (e.g., changing goals, changing strategies, efficiencies).

Use inventory and control systems to purchase materials, supplies, and equipment (e.g., LIFO, FIFO, JIT, LEAN).

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying cost and JIT production systems and the effects of maintaining inventory (e.g., perishable, shrinkage, insurance) on profitability.

Collect information and feedback to help assess the organization's strategic planning and policymaking processes.

Identify routine activities for maintaining business facilities and equipment.

Develop a budget that reflects the strategies and goals of the organization.

Financial Management: Use financial tools, strategies, and systems to develop, monitor, and control the use of financial resources to enrure personal and business financial well-being.

Create, analyze, and interpret financial documents (e.g, budgets, income statements).

Identify the role of depreciation in tax planning and liability.

Identify tax obligations.

Review and summarize savings, investment strategies, and purchasing options (e.g., cash, lease, finance, stocks, bonds).

Identify credit types and their uses in order to establish credit.

Identify ways to avoid or correct debt problems (e.g., collection agency payments and post-collection agency payments).

Explain how credit ratings and the criteria lenders use to evaluate repayment capacity affect access to loans.

Review and summarize categories (types) of insurance and identify how insurances can reduce financial risk.

Identify income sources and expenditures.

Compare and contrast different banking services available through financial institutions.

Strategic Management: Learners apply principles of corporate planning and analysis, product development, and cash and capital management to manage the liquidity and solvency of an orgaqniation, define strategies, and establish tactical plans to successfully implement strategvies.

Strategic Planning: Implement planning tools to guide an organization's or department's activities.

Describe the strategic planning process in an organization and the relationship between strategic planning, organizational business plans, and department plans.

Describe the process and structure of business planning

Define business mission.

Translate the business mission into departmental imperatives.

Conduct an organizational or departmental situational analysis of the internal and external environment to support developmnet of a strategic plan.

Identify and benchmark key performance indicators (e.g., dashboards, scorecards) and key risk indicators.

Develop and communicate time-bound company or departmental vision, goals, and objectives.

Develop strategic action plans at the departmental level to achieve goals and objectives (e.g., marketing, research and development, procurement, production, human resources, information technology).

Track achievement of goals and obectives using benchmarking techniques and internal information.

Determine the effectiveness of the strategic planning process.

Strategic Execution: Apply the principles and concepts used to align organizational and departmental strategies with tactical execution plans.

Identify activities required to support the strategic goals, objectives, and plans of the organization.

Identify functions, skills, and capabilities required to execute strategy and determine whether those skills and capabilities are present or available.

Compare options for departmental structure and evaluate their ability to support plan execution (e.g., in-house or outsourced; centralized, remote, or hyubrid; cross-functional teams or specialized groups).

Describe the relationship of departmental strategies to departmental goals and objectives.

Determine departmental poicies required to support strategy.

Explain uses of and differences in financial and operational information analysis (e.g., financial KPIs, marketing KPIs, logistics KPIs) and identify metrics that promote a balanced and successful approach to execute strategy.

Determine alternative actions to take when goals are not being met (e.g., modify tactics, increase allocated resources, challenge goals, identigy exit options)

Determine factors influencing the organizational structure and strategies for foreign businesses

Change Mangement: Adapt to, manage, and create change initiatives in an organization to accomplish organizational objectives.

Explain the internal and external factors that create resistance to change and describe their impact on the speed of change.

Describe the relationship among innovation, learning, and change.

Compare and contrast strategies and approaches for leading changes involving how things are done (second-order change) versus organizatinal values and culture (third-order change).

Evaluate opportunities for company or departmental changes.

Identify teh factors considered in establishing organizational development objectives to support change initiatives.

Analyze the factors include in a change-management initiative.

Explain the change-management life cycle and its relatinship with proejct management.

Measure teh success of change efforts.

Cash Management: Monitor and control internal and external cash flows and currencies.

Prepare short-term, medium-term, and long-term cash budgets to determine a company's cash requirements.

Develop strategies to meet company's cash requirements.

Determine payment and collection system structure that minimizes amount of cash required to fund daily operations and associated limitations adn requirements (e.g., National Automated Clearinghouse Associateion [NACHA]).

Identify strategies for managing the risks associated with opening, managing and closing corporate bank accounts (e.g., Payment Card Industry [PCI] compliance/Health Inurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA]).

Manage the use and acceptance of credit cards

Manage extensions of credit to customers and vendors

Select strategies for making and receiving international paymesnts, loans, and investments.

Select working capital improvement strategies (i.e., receivables, payables, and inventory).

Use variance analysis to correct errors in forecasts and budgets.

Capital Management: Explain capital structures used to support organizational liquidity and solvency.

Select techniques to analyze proposed capital investments based on advantages, disadvantages, and available information (e.g., payback, net present value, internal reate of return).

Describe the factors to consider in establishing domestic and international tax strategies.

Select appropriate technique to evaluate and prioritize business project funding (e.g., discounted cash flows, marginal analysis, cost-benefit analysis).

Evaluate the impact of capital-expenditures budgets on liquidity, competitiveness, solvency, and goal-setting.

Explain the impact of mandatory cash levels, or reserves, established by legal or reygulatory requirements, as applicable, on capital plans (e.g., legal capital, loan loss reserves, net capital reserves, statutory minimum capital, surplus requirements).

Describe the requirements for using capital market securities as a source of financing.

Identify factors impacting dividend policy and evaluate dividend impact.

Select a dividend policy.

Assess the impact of capital transactions on the cost of debt, cost of equity, cost of capital, and minimum capital requirements.

Describe factors to consider in evaluating mergers and acquisitions, restructuring opportunities, and divestiture options.

Product Development: Generate, screen, and develop ideas into new products and services that can be commercialized.

Generate ideas for new products and services using innovation skills, creative-thinking techniques, and crowdsourcing.

Implement the intitial steps to establish a business (e.g., select business structure, complete legal and regulatory filings, establish financial and tax accounts).

Idenitfy the purposes and the components of a business plan.

Develop decision-making criteria and define the decision-making process that will be sued to screen ideas for feasibility.

Research the potential costs, revenues, and profits and marketing strategy of the new product or service (i.e., conduct feasibility study).

Consider legal restrictions and requirement impacting the sale and marketing of new products and services (e.g., non-disclosure agreements, non-compete  agreements, statement-of-work, master service agreements).

Determine and solicit the involvement of other business functions and resources to test product ideas and evaluate product ideas against existing portfolio and strategies

Coordinate development of prototype of proof-of-concept.

Evaluate and apply product-development sysstem to speed commercialization time while meeting other business objectives (e.g., stage-gate, synapse, agile).

Determine resources available to advance ideas to the commercialization stage in either an intrapreneuship or entrepreneurship capacity (e.g., grants, business-development agencies and incubators, partnerships, joint ventures).

Create a business plan.

Business Foundations: Learners acquire foundational knowledge of business activities in a global environment that are undergirded by economic princples and business processes.

Business Activities: Relate business functions to business models, business strategies, and organiozational goal achievement.

Explain the reasons that businesses adn organizations exist and their role in society, and describe types of business models.

Describe connections between company actions and results (e.g., influencing consumer behavior, gaining market share).

Differentiate between operations and supply chain, and describe their components, or activities, and contributions to business.

Explain the nature of management and levels of management (e.g., front line, middle management, executive).

Identify ways that technology impacts business activities.

Describe the evolution of business.

Describe the business changes that are occurring in response to the external environment in which businesses operate.

Describe types of business activities, or functions (e.g., accounting, finance, human resources management, information management, marketing, operations, sales, and strategic management); the interactions among business functions or activities; and the difference in implementation that occur in big versus small businesses.

Explain forces that are driving business changes (e.g., globalization, consumer demand, government policies, political climate, diversity, spending trends, industry structure changes) and how organizations are adapting to today's business environment (e.g., proactive management, competitive aggressions, innovative management, agile management, organizational learning, market orientation, slack resources).

Describe the need for and role of accounting and finance (e.g., understanding accounting treatment, verifying information, analyzing variances, guiding decision-making), and explain how they interact with and impact other business activities and functions.

Explain the role and function of human resources management, describe its interactions with other functional areas, and identify its contributions to an organization.

Explain the nature and scope of information management and its contributions to business operations.

Describe marketing's role and function in business and its contributions to overall business strategy.

Explain factors that motivate customers, clients, and businesses to buy and actions employees can take to achieve the company's descried results.

Economic Principles: Relate principles and concepts of applied economics to business models, business activities, and organizational goal achievement.

Describe the concepts of economic goods and services, economics and economic activities (i.e., production, distribution, exchange, consumption and circular flow of income model).

Analyze the impact of specialization and division of labor on productivity.

Explain reasons that labor unions form, analyze their impact on business, and describe types of negotiation strategies used in the collective bargaining process.

Explain the impact of the law of diminishing returns and the concept of economies of scale.

Describe the types of market structures (e.g., monopolistic, monopsonistic).

Explain the role of the Federal Reserve System, describe ways that it influences the availability of money and credit, and describe ways that it adjusts the money supply.

Describe the phases of business cycles (i.e., expansion, peak, contraction, trough) and industry cycles (i.e., start-up or innovations, dominance, shakeout or consolidation, maturity, decline), benefits of understanding them, their internal and external causes, their impact on business, and ways businesses deal with the different phases.

Explain types of economic resources, competition, and economic systems (e.g., traditional, command, market); and describe the systems' characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages and impact on business.

Identify the impact of small business and entrepreneurship on market economies.

Determine economic utilities created by business activities (e.g., time, place, possession, form or task).

Determine types of business risks (e.g., pure, speculative, natural, human, economic).

Distinguish between gross and net profit, identify factors affecting a business's profit (e.g., demand, chance, pricing, expenses, costs, the economy), and recognize controllable and non-controllable expenses.

Determine the relationship between government and business, identify government agencies that facilitate trade, and describe the impact of government regulations on business activities.

Describe the nature of taxes paid by businesses and their impact.

Explain the concept of productivity, how it is measured, and its importance to business.

International Business: Relate factors impacting the international business to internal business operations, practices, and strategies.

Describe the global environment in which businesses operate, identify leading economies, and explain how the global environment impacts a business's overall global strategy.

Describe product standards' issues associate with global business.

Explain the nature of global legal systems (e.g., civil or code, common, statutory), their impact on global trade, and the approaches and legal recourse available to resolve disputes in global markets.

Explain regulations governing bribery and foreign monetary payments, and describe their impact on business.

Describe costs associated with global business, methods used to analyze those costs and the role of outsourcing and offshoring in cost management.

Describe customs regulations, their impact on global business, and the government agencies that facilitate trade.

Analyze US competitiveness at a global level for different industries, and describe factors impacting competitiveness.

Describe market-entry strategies for conducting business globally (e.g., import and export, technology licensing, franchising, wholly owned branch and subsidiary operations, joint ventures, consortia) and the considerations impacting the decision to offer goods or services globally.

Explain the nature of global trade and the impact of cultural and social environments on it.

Explain labor issues associated with global trade.

Describe the impact of the political environment on global trade (e.g., type of government, political stability, government policies about business.

Explain the impact of a country's or an area's geography and history on global trade.

Explain the impact of a country's economic development on global trade (e.g., type of economic system, natural resources, educational level, types of industries, infrastructure, technology availability, or adaptation).

Describe the impact of digital communication tools (e.g., Internet, video- and computer-conferencing, webcasts, email, social media, digital communications) on global business activities.

Identify examples of emerging economies, and describe their potential impact on business activities.

Business Processes: Relate business-process design to organization structure and organizational goal achievement.

Explain the impact of organizational design (e.g., reporting lines) on business process design.

Identify types of business processes, their purposes (e.g., added customer valuye, increase efficiencies), their characteristics, their components (e.g., events, activities, decision points, metrics) and their interrelationships.

Describe the importance of outcomes and value in business processes and the business problems created by inefficient buysiness processes (e.g., unhappy customers, incrase costs, missed deadlines, frustrated co-workers).

Describe the relationship among polciies, procedsses, and procedures.

Compare business-process thinking with results-oriented thinking, and explain how business-process thinking helps toi break through a business's functional silo mentality.

Identify reasons that business processes change.

Describe business-process management, the role of IT, and the integration of social networking into business-process performance.

Explain how the need to protect assets and reduce the risk of fraud impacts the design of business processes (e.g., segregation of duties, internal controls).

Business Relationships: Learners apply tactics, processes, and strategies to develop and build relationships with stakeholders (e.g., customers, staff, vendors), to address stakeholder interactions and problems, and to develop a collaborative work environment.

Customer Relations: Apply techniques, strategies, and tools to develop, maintain, and grow positive internal and exeternal customer, or client, relationships.

Explain the nature of posirive customer, or client, relations and their role in keeping customers; and describe thge imporatnce of meeting and exceeding customer expectations.

Confer with patients about thei rights and responsibilities, as statedin teh Patient Bill of Rights, the legal ownserhip of medical records, advanced directives, and informed consent.

Compare the cost to acquire customers with the cost to maintain customers, and explain how these costs impact business strategy and influence which customers to maintain.

Apply a customer-service mindset in a culturally appropriate manner (e.g., respond to customer inquiries; reinforce servce through effective, ongoing communication).

Build rapport with customers, and use this rapport to inform customers about company policies, consequences of non-compliance with recommendations or requirements, and service or account terminations.

Maintain confidentiality or privacy of internal and external customers.

Reinforce company's image and culture to exhibit the business's brand promise.

Describe the scope of customer-relationship management to show its contribution to business.

Build, maintain, and improve relationships with customer, or clients; and promote brand and solicit new ideas and solutions using social media.

Identify opportunities to use crowdsourcing to engage customers or clients, to improve customer or client relationships, to promote brand, and to solicit new ideas and solutions.

Relationship Management: Apply techniques and strategies to develop, maintain, and grow positive relationships with employees, peers, and stakeholders.

Recognize, value, and leverage personality types in business situations.

Share best practices with key individuals and groups within and outside the business.

Manage internal and external business relationships to foster positive interactions, and strategically plan and leverage business relationships for growth

Describe ways that businesses build positive employer-employee relationships.

Adapt management style to the personality type of others.

Align personal visio0n and goals with organizational or departmental goals, objectives, and initiatives.

Adapt to and lead workplace changes or situations.

Manage crises in relationships.

Determine the nature of office politics, and ocervome problems and difficulties associated with office poitics and turf wars.

Identify when and how to take risks to achieve objectives.

Describe the nature of organizational cultuire and its impact on bsuiness, and interpret and adapt to a business's culture.

Establish strategic relationships with others.

Business Communications Management: Apply strategies and procedures to plan, create, implement, and evaluate internal and external company communications.

Identify organizational communication hierarchies, and select the apporiatpie communication strategy to use for the hierarchy.

Develop a crisis-management plan to control communications and mitigate damage to company's image.

Develop an integrated approach for social media content creation that provides for consistent branding and messaging across channels for original and repurposed content.

Re-purpose content for use in business communications.

Interpret research data into information for decision-making (e.g., interpret descriptive statistics, correlations), and translate findings into actionable business recommendations.

Communicate research information to others (e.g., display data in charts or graphs, prepare presentations, prepare written reports).

Explain how the content of written communications (e.g., email, text messages, chats) creates reputational, legal, and regulatory exposure for organizations; and describe how to manage the risk individually and collectivelly.

Adapt personal communication style to audiences in virtual intercultural environments.

Implement strategies to solicit feedback.

"Sell" ideas to internal and external audiences.

Communicate the business's plans, strategies and procedures; and verify the understanding of recipients.

Develop, implement, monitor, and adjust communications plan to meet the information needs of internal and external customers.

Collaborate on and aggregate complex internal documents to create a common voice that is vision, missing, and brand-consistent.

Conduct creative briefing, and gain commitment from clients.

Social Media Communications: Apply tools, strategies, and processes to plan, create, implement, monitor, and evaluate social media communications to support corporate brand and strategy.

Describe the impact of a person's social media brand on the achievement of organizational goals.

Monitor daily social media analytics to gauge success of social media efforts and initiatives.

Identify opportunities and trends in the social media space (e.g., demographic preferences).

Implement an integrated social media strategy that complies with legal requirements and company policy.

Idenitfy emerging customer trends through social networking.

Compare and contrast thge use of social media for personal and business purposes.

Evaluate the impact of mobiloe-device capabilities and usage patterns on social media effectiveness.

Establish and implement approaches to grow following and engagement, nboth paid and organic.

Maintain a consistent brand voice in soclial, content that resonates with the community and fits the platform.

Monitor user-generated content (UGC) and moderate social chats.

Escalate social comments as necessary to solicit appropriate responses and highlight opportunities.

Maintain and manager day-to-day content on social platforms and company's community-based forums.

Develop and package content for social distribution, showcase articles, video, galleries, and shows.

Business Governance: Learners apply governance princples to plan, organize, and monitor an organization's strategy, structure, and systems to ensure achievement of organizational goals and objectives.

Enterprise Risk Management Fundamentals: Apply foundational business skills and tools to identify risks and seize opportunities related to the achievment of business objectives.

Explain the role of enterprise risk management in protecting and creating value for stakeholders (e.g., owners, employees, customers, regulators, vendors, society).

Compare business governance and data governance issues and strategies.

Execute strategies for managing portfolio risk that consider business risk tolerance and financial and operational goals.

Describe the impact of governmental and self-regulatory agency requirements on the structure, focus and cost of enterprise risk management.

Describe ways that businesses prevent, control, transfer, and retain risks.

Identify events (e.g., disasters, cyber-attacks, product launch) and stakeholder activities (e.g., supplier bankruptcy, rogue employee, compromised personal information, competitor exit) that could facilitate or prevent an organization from achieveing its objectives; i.e., risk at the organizational level.

Describe quantitative and qualitative approaches to measuring and analyzing risk.

Distinguish among key risk indicators, key performance indicators, and process indicators.

Develop a risk appetite goal using the risk-reward relationship.

Select strategies for managing risk (e.g., strategic planning, insurance, internal controls, policies and procedures, good hiuring procedures, training, tracking performance, self-regulation), for responding to risky situations and for recovering from disasters.

Describe the elements of an enterprise risk-management policy.

Enterprise Risk Management for Financial Institutions: Relate financial institutions' risk profile, regulatory compliance requirements and business objectives to enterprise risk-management processes.

Explain key banking and insurance calculations (e.g. interest, annual percentage rate, exchange rates, RAROC [Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital], claim loss ratio) and requirements established in regulatory guidelines.

Explain rating systems and guidelines used by regulatory agencies to assess a financial institution's compliance (e.g., CAMELS [Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Administration, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity]) and the rules and regarding use and disclosure.

Explain the risks associated with  banking services (e.g., default, fraudulent transactions, falsified information) and techniques used to manage these risks for a financial institution (e.g., loan criteria, credit-based scoring models, identity verification).

Explain the risks associated with insurance services (e.g., underwriting, claims) and techniques used to reduce, mitigate, and measure risks at the enterprise level (e.g., insurability provisions, credit-based scoring models, actuarial sciences, reinsurance).

Explain the risks associated with securities products and trust services (e.g., suitability, risk of loss) and strategies used to manage these risks for a financial institution(e.g., investment profiles, validated asset allocation models, disclosures).

Interpret banking and insurance risk measures and metrics (e.g., interest rate risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, underwriting risk).

Compliance: Develop compliance systems, processes, and procedures used to manage compliance risk across an organization.

Compare and contrast internal and external authoritative sources of compliance standards (e.g., legal code, government agencies, and self-regulatory organizations), the types of institutions governed, and the penalties associated with non-compliance.

Explain the impact of compliance requirements on business structure, fuinctions (e.g., marketing, information technology, human resources), products and services, and pricing.

Explain the elements of a compliance program and how requirements and expectations differ across industry sectors (e.g., financial services, healthcare, consumer products, restaurants, food and beverage).

Describe the factors that influence compliance program costs, effectiveness, and value (e.g., organizational size and structure, accreditation, incentives availability).

Develop the elements of a basic compliance program to promote consistent behaviors (e.g., policies, procedures, training).

Analyze existing policies, procedures, and documents to ascertain compliance with regulatory requirements (e.g., Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS], Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA]) and self-regulatory guidelines.

Monitor compliance with organizational or departmental compliance policies and procedures (e.g., continuing education requirements, prevention of fraudulent practices, record falsification or alteration, patient or customer abuse, lack of follow-up).

Identify strategies for managing professional liability and malpractice risks (e.g., incompetent or impaired physicians, unnecessary procedures, patient or customer misconduct, service or medical errors, lack of training, poor documentation).

Explain the value and purpose of compliance assessment activities (e.g., due-diligence reviews, internal audits, work plan reviews).

Legal Environment: Identify the requirements of the legal environment in which business and society operate to facilitate lawful and ethical operations.

Distinguish between secured and unsecured creditors, explain the debtor-creditor relationship and legal protections provided each party, and determine relief options for debtors.

Identify the duties of landlords and tenants.

Describe forms of brakruptcy and bankruptcy proceedings, and explain the impact of these proceedings on business.

Identify legal procedures pertinent to estates, and identify types of legal documents associated with estates (e.g., testamentary letters, wills, trusts, power of attorney, estate tax returns).

Describe family and domestic relations law considerations for adoption, eldercare, and assisted living.

Describe consumer rights and responsibilities, services provided by consumer protection agencies, and consumer protection laws.

Explain businesses' responsibility for product safety, and identify product liability issues and the applicable laws and regulations.

Describe advertising laws and regulations in digital and brick-and-mortar business environments.

Identify employment laws, and describe the rights and responsibilities of parties to an employment contract, types of workplace regulations (e.g., OSHA, ADA, FMLA), role of equal opportunity employment and the role of unions in business.

Explain retirement plans and describe pension and profit-sharing laws.

Explain tax regulations affecting business, tax reporting requirements, penalties for non-compliance with tax laws and the tax enforcement process.

Identify the characteristics and process differences that distinguish commercial real estate settlement from residential real estate settlement.

Describe legal documents relating to the purchase, sell, and lease of residential property, insurance requirements, and residential real-estate settlement procedures.

Legal Research: Apply legal reasoning to establish a legal position that effectively and efficiently discharges legal obligations while supporting business operations and teh achievement of business objectives.

Conduct legal research and organize results in logical order.

Idenitfy required process for obtaining access to information.

Draft release or access documents.

Validate information (e.g., factual documents, evidence, exhibits, legal client matters) for use in legal proceedings.

Prepare fully-compliant legal documents, common court documents, and supporting documentation (e.g., digests of deposition transcripts, exhibit lists).

Identify interrelationships among cases, statues, regulations, and other legal authorities; and apply a recognized legal authority to specific factual situation(s).

Recognize when and why varied fact situations allow for exceptions to general legal rules.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Interpret, apply, and communicate an organizationn's ethics and social responsibility policies and code of conduct in routine and ambiguous situations.

Compare and contrast ethical standards and challenges in domestic and international markets and across coutrnies or areas (e.g., Brazil, China, Latin America, Pacific Rim).

Compare and contrast ethical challenges across industry sectors (e.g., healthcare, financial services, consumer products, manufacturing, retail) and functional areas (e.g., marketing, human resources, financial reporting).

Describe social responsibility policies and practices, and explain their impact on business operations and perforamnce (e.g., community development, charitable foundations, green practices).

Identify factors that impact the social responsibility policies implemented by businesses (e.g., national and state regulations, market or customer requirements, profit considerations).

Develop ethics and CSR policies and reporting processes.

Analyze the impact of ethics and CSR policies on business operations and financial performance.

Monitor compliance with CSR policies, ethics policies, and codes of conduct.

Recommend actions to resolve non-compliance with ethics and CSR policies and codes of conduct.

Exhibit ethical behavior and social responsiblity in the global environment in which business operates.

Governance Structures: Relate governance structures to organizational goal achievement.

Explain the need for and impact of governance on business management, performance, and regulatory oversight.

Describe the relationship between governance structures, ownership structures (e.g., corporation, privately owned, nonprofit, limited-liability companies) and organizational size and reach (e.g., micro-enterprise, middle-market, large corporate, multinational global).

Explain the roles and responsibilities of governing committees (e.g., Board of Directors, Audit and Finance Committees, Risk Committees), strategies used to fulfill these responsiblities, and the impact on strategic planning and management functions (i.e., planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling).

Idenitfy the elements of a governance process (e.g., minutes, records, proxies), and distinguish elements contained in public and private businesses.

Idenitfy the elements of a corporate governance structure that impact staff decision-making authority.

Determine situations in which escalation to a governance member is appropriate.

Legal Foundations: Identify the legal principles that undergird business operations, and apply regulatory provisions to business situations.

Acquire information about the role of the constitution in business law, sources of law in the US, and the role of the US judicial system.

Determine the rights of parties in a contract, how the contract can be discharged, and what actions can occur with a  breach of contract.

Determine tactics businesses can take to avoid litigation and alternative methods and processes they can use to resolve disputes.

Explain the importance of property in the legal environment of business and describe how ownership rights are acquired, held, and transferred.

Identify areas of law relevant to a particular situation, define statutes of limitations for areas of law, and distinguish between substantive and procedural law.

Describe environmental law agencies and regulations, procedures for reporting violations and the impact of environmental law on business.

Describe administrative law and the types and powers of administrative agencies.

Distringuish among types of laws (e.g., criminal, civil, regulatory) and explain their major functions.

Describe criminal and civil law and proceedings that impact legal requirements from initial filing actvities to settlement and appeals.

Explain the functions performed by officials in the court syste, the differences in function and procedures amon the different courts (e.g., trial court, appellate court, adiminstrative hearings) with the state and federal court systems and the iompact of these differences on the management of documentation and evidence.

Describe how the legal environment in which businesses operate is affected by the civil infrastructure (e.g., torts, contracts, legal agreements) of the US.

Distinguish among types of torts (i.e., intentional, negligence and strict liability), and explain the impact of tort law on business.

Describe the legal issues affecting businesses and the impact of government regulations and regulatory agencies on businesses.

Identify factors impacting the options available to settle a legal matter (e.g., contract terms, statutory requirements, legal precedents, evidence).

Identify requirements needed for an enforceable contract, and differentiate among types of contracts (e.g., oral, written, implied, transferable, non-transferable).

Marketing: Learners implement tactics, processes and strategies to create, communicate, deliver, and exchange offerings of value to others by understanding and applying marketing functions, including channel management, marketing-information management, market planning, pricing, product and service management, promotion, and selling.

Marketing Fundamentals: Describe principles of marketing functions and the factors influencing their effectiveness.

Identify marketing functions, their interrelatedness, their overall contributions to business strategy and the metrics used to measure success.

Describe the impact of industry, environment, and culture on the nature and scope of selling and sales activities (e.g., customer service, relationship building).

Describe sales processes and techniques that can be used to facilitate selling.

Explain the impact of technology on marketing costs, marketing strategy, and marketing return on investment.

Identify legal and ethical issues associated with marketing activities or functions, describe the organizational values impacted, and identify the marketing -mix components (e.g., product, price, promotion, place) affected.

Explain the nature, scope, benefits, and considerations in channel management (e.g., how channels perform or interact).

Describe the marketing-information management function, its nature and considerations (e.g., how channels perform or interact).

Describe the function of pricing to understand its role in marketing.

Explain factors affecting pricing decisions (e.g., customer value perception, brand, negotiating power, corporate policies, competitive strategy, stage of consumer life cycle).

Describe foundational concepts associated with product and service management to understand its nature and scope (e.g., product life cycles).

Explain the drivers of brand and the impact, benefits, and drawbacks of branding.

Describe promotion's nature, scope, and role in meeting business objectives (e.g., types of promotion, promotional mix, promotional channels).

Marketing Communications Management: Plan and control marketing communications activities consistent with brand guidelines, organizational and departmental strategies, and marketing plans and budgets.

Identify and evaluate inbound and outbound marketing communications tactics and strategies.

Negotiate media buys and placement to enhance return on investment.

Develop and execute visual merchandising strategies to increase interest in product offerings (merchandise placement, on-floor assortments, cross-merchandising, planograms).

Develop marketing or creative briefs to assist with acceptance, design, and implementation of promotional strategies by others (e.g., art director, copywriter, website developer)

Evaluate promotional strategies and activities, and recommend improvements.

Describe the role, organization, and fee structures of advertising agencies.

Select and collaborate with third-party vendors (e.g., advertising agencies, researchers), and evaluate their work.

Develop and implement digital strategies using responsive design.

Evalute digital strategies.

Selling: Determine client needs, wants, and fears and respond through planned, personalized communication that influences purchase decisions and enhances future business opportunities.

Describe motivational theories that can be used to enhance customer relationships and increase the likelihood of making sales.

Plan sales activities to increase sales efficiency and effectiveness (sales quotas, strategies to win back former clients, sales-call patterns, sales terms, key accounts, sales plans).

Implement retail sales support activities that facilitate the sales process (delivery, packing and wrapping, special orders, gift certificates, returns or exchanges, retail sales documentation).

Staff sales force to meet customer and organizational objectives (structure of department, sales force size, sales territories)

Develop a system to guide sales staff to improve their success rate and to minimize staff turnover (e.g., sales-training needs, sales training, motivation strategies, field accompaniments, sales meetings).

Develop a system to control sales activities to meet sales goals or objectives (setting sales quotas, analyzing sales reports, monitoring sales performance, designing incentives programs, managing under-performance).

Explain the impact of sales and buying cycles on sales activities.

Describe the impact that digital communication is having on selling.

Identify sources of product information that can be used to communicate product benefits and ensure appropriateness of a product for the customer or client.

Perform pre-sales activities to facilitate sales presentation (e.g., prospecting, preliminary customer or client qualification, pre-visit research, appointment booking, sales material preparation and assembly).

Implement sales processes and techniques to enhance customer relationships and increase the likelihood of making sales (e.g., rapport and credibility building, recognizing and responding appropriately to prospect's personality, using buying motives, facilitating buying decisions, questioning to understand prospect, assessing needs in relation to product offerings, demonstrating solution, converting objections to selling points, closing sales, negotiating terms or agreements, overseeing order fulfillment).

Develop and present sales proposal.

Process the sale to complete the exchange and collect payment from customer to complete sales transactions.

Conduct post-sales follow-up activities to foster ongoing relationships with customer or clients (e.g., follow-up strategies, sales reports, post-sales service client feedback, self-assessment of performance, ongoing client relationships).

Marketing Operations: Apply operational policies to perform procedures and activities that ensure marketing's efficiency and effectiveness.

Apply marketing analysis.

Determine sources of relevant, new marketing data and evaluate options to purchase or sell marketing data.

Develop processes to acquire marketing data from external sources.

Create dashboards and reports to measure marketing performance.

Document and improce marketing processes.

Measure and report marketing return on investment.

Leverage data to recommend personalized, relevant campaigns.

Develop marketing campaign workflows.

Leverage data to support real-time customization of customer interactions.

Identify and evaluate marketing data needs.

Cleanse existing market data to maintain relevancy

Channel Management: Apply the concepts and processes needed to identify, select, monitor, and evaluate distribution channels that support achievement of organizational goals and objectives.

Distinguish among distribution channels for consumer goods, industrial goods, and services.

Coordinate channel management with other marketing activities.

Analyze channel-member relationships, taking corrective measures when needed.

Analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with affinity partner relationships.

Evaluate the impact of push and pull strategies on channel management.

Select channels of distribution.

Evaluate channel member performance and suitability.

Assess channel-management strategies to improve their effectiveness, minimize their costs, and identify opportunities that benefit multiple channels.

Marketing Information Management: Apply the concepts, systems, and tools, needed to gather, synthesize, evaluate, and disseminate marketing information for use in making business decisions that achieve organizational goals and objectives.

Distinguish between market-driven and customer-driven information, and explain the need for marketing information.

Describe the factors that determine the relevancy of information for marketing purposes.

Describe data and reports that are monitored for marketing decision-making.

Communication marketing information to others that delivers relevant insights into issues, problems, questions, or opportunities.

Track business information to stay abreast of trends and changes that could impact marketing (e.g., customer databases, partners' and competitors' activities, sales and operational data, environmental changes).

Identify challenges associated with data relevance and usability in a globally connected, digital society (i.e. unstructured data).

Develop insights using trends occurring in other industries.

Marketing Research: Apply qualitative and quantitative research methods, techniques, and tools to gather, synthesize, evaluate, and disseminate information about a specified problem, issue, or opportunity  for use in making business decisions that achieve organizational goals and objectives.

Explain reasons for conducting marketing research and the importance and scope of marketing research activities, and distinguish among research types (e.g., primary, secondary, qualitative, quantitative).

Identify techniques used to process marketing data.

Process marketing data to translate them into useful insights or knowledge (e.g., code research, data, transcribe conversations, tabulate data, analyze narrative text).

Assess marketing research briefs to determine comprehensiveness and clarity.

Interpret quantitative patterns and qualitative research findings by applying descriptive statistical methods, using software systems, and evaluating trade-offs.

Evaluate marketing research procedures, proposals, and findings to assess their credibility and to determine needed improvements.

Facilitate functional decision-making in market through the use of marketing information.

Determine the need for and value of marketing research, describe its impact on business strategies, and set research objectives.

Explain marketing research design considerations; and identify the type of research appropriate for different business objectives, problems, or opportunities.

Evaluate the appropriateness of the marketing research design for the research problem, issue, or opportunity.

Determine who and how many respondents are needed for marketing research findings to adequately represent the population.

Describe quantitative and qualitative marketing research data collection methods.

Determine how to obtain needed marketing research data.

Develop quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments, and collect the data to answer research questions or resolve issues.

Apply analytical tracking tools to manage and perform marketing research activities.

Market Planning: Utilize principles and tolls to select an audience and to identify and select marketing strategies to reach targeted audiences.

Distinguish between marketing strategies and tactics.

Forecast sales and establish sales goals.

Set marketing goals, objectives, and budget to achieve corporate goals and objectives.

Select and apply marketing metrics applicable to the problem, issue, or opportunity.

Develop a marketing plan that addresses strategic and operational plans.

Align sales plan and marketing plan.

Assess marketing strategies to improve return on marketing investment (ROMI).

Explain the considerations used to develop and implement domestic and global marketing strategies.

Describe the concepts of market and market identification.

Identify market segments and select target market(s).

Profile target customer to determine market needs and customer demand for products and services.

Explain the role of situation analysis in the marketing planning process.

Conduct a market analysis (e.g., market size, area, potential).

Assess global trends and opportunities.

Conduct a competitive analysis.

Pricing: Apply the concepts and strategies needed to determine and adjust prices to maximize return and meet customers' or clients' perception of value.

Describe the function of prices in markets.

Compare and contrast the pricing of tangible versus the pricing of intangible products.

Establish pricing objectives that support business strategy and that consider the outcome of marketing research and planning.

Select approach for setting a base price (e.g., cost, demand, competition).

Determine product's cost (e.g., breakeven, ROI, markup).

Employ pricing strategies to set prices throughout the product and customer life cycle.

Adjust prices to maximize profitability throughout the product and customer life cycle.

Develop seasonal and situational (e.g., unexpected event) pricing policies.

Evaluate pricing strategies to identify needed changes and to improve profitability thoughout the product and customer life cycle.

Compare and contrast the pricing of goods and services in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) environments.

Product and Service Management: Apply the concepts and processes needed to obtain, develop, maintain, and improve a product or service mix in response to market opportunities.

Describe quality assurances (e.g., guarantees, warranties, standards) used to inform customers and encourage sales.

Perform buying activities to obtain products for resale (determining quality to offer, what to buy or reorder, stock turnover, quantities to buy or reorder and when to buy or reorder; and setting reorder points).

Implement techniques to increase customer exposure to products.

Employ product-development processes to maintain an up-to-date product line.

Nurture product ideas through to fruition.

Determine opportunities to improve products and services (e.g., extend product lines, create niche markets, increase differentiation, close a gap in service) using marketing research insights.

Explain how financial and operational metrics (e.g., net margin, term margin, time or speed to market) impact market opportunities and the implications for product and service management.

Employ product-mix strategies to meet customer or client expectations

Evaluate effectiveness of product-mix strategies.

Determine width and depth of assortment strategies with consideration to seasonal assortment strategies.

Develop merchandise plans (budgets) to guide selection of retail products (e.g., calculating open-to-buy, planning stock, planning reductions, planning purchases, planning gross and net margins).

Branding: Apply branding techniques and methods to acquire position in the minds of internal and external customers that is consistent with organizational goals and objectives.

Describe the role and importance of customer voice in branding and how this voice may vary across media and channels.

Assess customer experiences and evaluate consistency in delivering on brand values.

Assess product packaging to improve its function and brand recognition (e.g., packaging requirements, graphic design, adequacy).

Identify need to rebrand.

Build brand and use grassroots and co-branding strategies.

Identify customer touch points and align branding strategies to ensure appropriate and consistent end-to-end communications and actions

Determine brand reputation and develop strategies to protect it.

Determine company's unique selling proposition.

Position products or services to acquire desired business image.

Distinguish between product or service branding and corporate branding.

Develop and implement strategies to build brand by creating relevant, personalized experiences for customers.

Evaluate opportunity costs associated with different branding strategies, and prioritize spending on branding efforts.

Determine and communicate brand values to customers and employees.

Marketing Communications: Apply the concepts and determine the strategies needed to communicate information about products, services, images, or ideas to achieve desired outcomes that support organizational goals and objectives.

Describe the types of promotional channels used to communicate with targeted audiences (e.g., wokd-of-mouth, direct, advertising, social) and the use of public-relations activities and trade shows or expositions.

Describe design principles to be able to communicate needs to designers or creatives.

Employ publicity to inform audiences of business activities, to create goodwill, and to establish or reinforce brand (e.g., press releases, public-service announcements, press kits).

Participate in community outreach involvement that fosters a positive company image and networking

Employ sales-promotion activities to inform or remind customers of business or product (e.g., signage, slogans and taglines, brand identifiers, frequency or loyalty programs, specialty promotions, special events, trade shows or expositions, web games).

Apply display techniques to attract customers and increase sales potential (e.g., types of arrangements, display maintenance, display creation, set-up and dismantling, signage, selection of fixtures and forms, lighting, point-of-sale displays).

Explain types of media used in advertising (e.g., print, broadcast, digital, out-of-home, speciality, direct mail, product placement) and the types of advertisements used by those media.

Explain the use of an advertisement's components to communicate with targeted audiences.

Critique advertisements to ensure achievement of goals or objectives.

Explain considerations affecting global marketing communications.

Implement word-of-mouth strategies to build brand and to promote products using word-of-mouth strategies.

Idenitfy product-placement opportunities and use them to promote products.

Execute direct-marketing strategies to attract attention and to build brand (e.g., direct mail, online advertising, email marketing, websites, social media, podcasts and webcasts, videos and images, mobile, search-engine optimization, crowd-sourcing).

Develop and critique content for use in inbound and outbound marketing communications.

Resource Management: Learners develop a deep understanding of the role of management in organizations and the strategies, processes, procedures, and tools needed to efficient, effective management of business information, knowledge, and talent.

Management Fundamentals: Describe business management practices and their contributions to goal achievement and organizational success.

Distinguish between management and leaderhip, and describe the factors that influence management.

Describe the need for and impact of quality management in organizations.

Explain the role of supply chain management and its contributions to business operations and identify its activities, measures, and issues.

Describe project management processes, skills, and knowledge necessary for successful project outcomes.

Contrast operational risk with other types of business risk (e.g., market risk, credit risk, strategic risk).

Identify the factors that contribute to operational risk (e.g., insufficient training, lack of supervision, inadequate security, poor system design, poor human-resources policies).

Describe the nature of organizational development and its impact on business success.

Describe decision making styles (e.g., analystical, abstract or ceonceptual, intuituve, creative, procedural or directive), and identify the factors that influence their effectiveness.

Describe the types of resources managed in business and their significance in business operations, and explain the differences between managing internal versus external resources.

Explain the purposes adn anture of management functions (e.g., strategic and tactical planning, organizing, directing, staffing, controlling), and describe considerations in the business environment that impact their use.

Compare management and motivation theories, and determine apporpriate situations in which each would be used.

Explain the expectations-setting process as a motivational strategy and a management control for both upward and downward management.

Describe the nature of global management strategies.

Distinguish among the scope and purposes of data management, information management, and knowledge management and explain legal and ethical considerations associated with each.

Describe knowledge management strategies.

Human Resource Operations: Develop, implement and evaluate the day -to-day policies, procedures, and activities that are used to ensure efficient, effective, human-resources management.

Develop methods to facilitate the coaching and mentoring of supervisors to assist them in implementing performance appraisals.

Demonstrate human-resources management's contrinution to organizational effectiveness (e.g., human-resources management analytics) using objective evidence.

Describe talent-management issues associated with organizational changes (e.g., rightsizing, downsizing, talent reallocation, organizational restructuring or redesign).

Conduct talent-management audit (e.g., identify key persons, idenitfy at-risk employees).

Process human-resource compliance paperwork and complete required reporting (e.g., workers' compensation claims, Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], documents, employment documents, fair medical leave, disability, unemployment).

Facilitate career transition of employees.

Identify and analyze the costs and benefits of implementing innovative approaches to human-resource management.

Identify performance-management systems and written performance-management procedures appropriate to organizational size and values.

Communicate policies and procedures to staff through an employee handbook and policy and procedures manual.

Establish performance improvement plans and processes.

Determine the extent and causes of employee turnover, identify corrective measures, and make recommendations to manage the issues arising from employee turnover.

Analyze and report on the cost of turnover, lost time, and ineffective employee relations.

Information Management: Institute and evaluate information management tools, policies, procedures, and strategies to achieve business unit and organizational goals.

Apply information literacy skills to assess information needs, identify and evaluate information quality (e.g., sufficiency, trustworthiness, or reliability), and apply information to accomplish a task.

Identify strategies for integrating technology into department or enterprise operations.

Manage business records to maintain needed documentation (e.g., routing orders, tracking shipments, expense reports, healthcare data, customer data, budget data, quality data, human resources data).

Monitor and audit internal records.

Identify critical artifacts requiring preservation, establish retention guidelines, and archive information according to retention systems and proce3dures and regulatory requirements.

Select and use tools, systems, and processes to manage the preparation of documentation for teams and projects in a cost-effective manner (e.g., agendas, reports, minutes, training materials, RFPs [Requests for Proposals], process analysis charts, diagrams).

Perform scheduling functions to facilitate on -time, prompt completion of work activities (e.g., calendars, travel arrangements and itineraries, meeting arrangements and requests for audio-visual or technical support and information).

Conduct an environmental scan to obtain information on the internal and external business environment and to identify changing condidtions and current issues or trends impacting business (e.g., business intelligence, insights).

Conduct information technology needs assessmnet and analyze company's data requirements.

Create policies and procedures to protect data and intangibles.

Business Applications: Apply tools, processes and procedures to manage the efficient and effective use of technology to achieve organizational goals.

Distinguish between primary and secondary data, and establish apporpriate storage and usage parameters for both data types.

Manage data change risks (e.g., change authorization, change documentation, spreadsheet controls, test databases, offsite backups).

Identify the information technology needs of a new business venture, project, product or service.

Mine standard databases (e.g., accounting, customer, product, vendor, sales, operations, human resources, patient, supplier, procurement), apply analytical tools, and interpret the findings.

Implement collaborative or groupware and cloud computing applications (e.g., services application, virtual environments) to facilitate projects and business operations.

Research and use website creation tools to post web pages and storefronts that support multimedia use and achieve operational metrics (e.g., load time, availbailityi, usability, search engine optimization) on multiple devices and platforms.

Research and incorporate visual, interactive, and social media content into business communications.

Conduct usability testing and develop strategies to enhance the usability and scalability of systems and compatibility of applications.

Maintain a multimedia website and test and post website design changes.

Establish operational performance benchmarks for websites and storefronts (e.g., maintenance and load times) that consider the impact of scalable design requirements (e.g., number of users, bandwidth and content).

Describe the impact of service-level agreements on data processing and management.

Knowledge Management: Apply systems, strategies, and practices to share, organize, store, analyze and facilitate the use of a business's insights, processes, procedures, and experiences as a strategic asset.

Identify and employ a taxonomy and metadata schema to organize and catalogue information.

Determine the factors that impact the scalability of knowledge management frameworks and the ability for organizations to identify, create or summarize, store, share, and pply knowledge in centralized and dispersed environments.

Select and implement offline tools and techniques to gather, document, and organize the knowledge residing with employees across the organization (e.g., relational networks, brainstorming, learning and idea capture, peer assist, learning reviews, storytelling, collaboragtive phsyical workspace, knowledge cafes, communities of practice).

Select and apply online networks and tools to disseminate knowledge and effective practices (e.g., document libraries, Wikis, blogs, social networking sites or services, knowledge clusters, expert locators, collaborative virtual workspaces, interfaces).

Describe the impact of an organization's knowledge validation and security strategy.

Use knowledge-management metrics to determine the effefctiveness of the information system.

Maintain and update knowledge management systems (e.g., incorporate new social networks, identify or create new queries, purge outdated information).

Human Resources Planning: Plan talent-management activities that align with organizational and human-resources strategy and provide apporpriate guidance for talent-management decision-making.

Explain the functions of human-resources mangement.

Develop hiring policies and employee-selection procedures.

Develop a short-term staffing plan that supports business needs and facilitates strategic placement of talent.

Compare and contrast staffing and workforce planning.

Describe factors that impact human-resources management (e.g., availability of qualified people, alternative staffing methods, employment laws and regulations, company policies and procedures, total rewards programs, diversity and inclusion, technology).

Describe the impact of an organization's global business strategy, structure, and culture on human-resources strategies.

Describe ways that businesses build their employer brand and the brand's significance through human-resources management.

Decribe planning techniques used in the hiring process (e.g., succession planning, workforce planning or forecasting, staff and leadership development, sourcing, selection).

Evaluate the use of alternative staffing methods to meet organizational and departmental objectives (e.g., outsourcing, telecommuting, shared responsibilities, flexible work schedules, virtual teams, contracted workers, interns).

Develop or tailor job application forms or blanks.

Develop job descriptions, job specifications, and job profiles.

Explain assessment methods used in the hiring process and choose employement assessments to administer to job applicants based on objectives.

Talent Acquisition: Apply policies, procedures, and strategies to obtain the best qualified candidates for job positions in union and non-union environments while minimizing associated costs.

Determine staffing needs and evaluate availbaility of talent.

Make job offers explaining contingencies underflying the offers, and negotiate employment terms or contracts.

Evaluate effectiveness of recruitment sources (e.g., recruiting firms, social networks) and apply staffing metrics to assess the effectiveness of hiring decisions (e.g., retention or turnover, cost-benefit analysis, costs per hire, selection rations, adverse impact).

Explain factors to consider when hiring different categories of employees (e.g., interns, independent contractors, people with disabilities, older people, non-US citizens).

Develop strategies to market the organization to potential employees.

Identify and implement legally compliant strategies to recruit and track job applicants domestically and internationally.

Write and post job announcements for job openings.

Screen and interview job applicants using culturally appropriate techniques.

Administer employment assessments (e.g., leadership and communication styles, personality or skills assessments) to evaluate character and competency.

Conduct a legally compliant investigation of applicant's background consistent with role, job and regulatory  requirements and investigate potential for growth and development in the business.

Make hiring decisions and follow up with applicants in a consistent and compliant manner.

Talent Onboarding and Development: Apply strategies, policies, and prcedures to orient new hires and provide growth opportunities to engage new and existing union and non-union employees in the workplace.

Explain standard relocation practices and expatriation and repatriation issues and practices, and assist with employee relocation and logistics.

Determine when employee corrective measures are needed and take needed action to address problem or issue (e.g., retraining, reassignment, reprimand, demotion, dismissal, coaching).

Calculate and analyze costs associated with talent-development activities.

Identify leadership-development activities appropriate to the position or level

Develop and facilitate programs, practices, and services that promote the physical and mental well-being of individuals in the workplace.

Make recommendations for succession planning and for the development of a succession and workforce program tied to leadership and staff development.

Facilitate career-development planning.

Conduct human resources onboarding activities (e.g., employment eligibility verification [I-9 form], tax paperwork, contracts, benefit plans, policy orientation).

Orient talent to organizational culture, values, and norms using appropriate techniques (e.g., coaching or mentoring, cross-departmental networking, toolkits, training).

Determine employee and business talent-development needs (task or process analysis, gap or needs analysis).

Determine employee and business talent-development and ensure environment is appropriate for training.

Administer talent-development activities and training and coach for performance or development using talent-development theories.

Select and administer assessments to evaluate employee learning.

Conduct and document performance reviews to enhance performance and development and to protect the organization.

Apply performance improvement plans to build accountability and strengthen relationships.

Talent Rewards and Recognition: Apply strategies, processes, and procedures to administer and assess compensation and benefits plans in union and non-union environments.

Describe compensation methods, their advatages and disadvantages, legal ramifications, and the impact on achievement of corporate, team, and individual goals.

Explain compensation issues associated with interns, retirees, consultants or contracts, union agreements, and fair pay.

Classify jobs (e.g., Fair Labor Standards Act [FLSA] exempt, non-exempt, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC] occupation category) and apply salary ranges, pay grades or bands, and benefits eligibility.

Conduct legally acceptable research to determine competitiveness of compensation and benefits.

Explain total rewards strategies (e.g., benefit plans, fitness or wellness programs, retirement plans, executive compensation, alternative work practices, leave techniques, tuition reimbursement.

Evaluate impact of total rewards options (e.g., retirement plans, benefits plans, pay-for-performance, market-based pay systems) for employees and make recommendations to improve value of total rewards options.

Administer total rewards programs and strategies.

Compare company's total rewards practices with those of successful businesses to determine competitiveness of offerings.

Employee Engagement, Experience, and Relations: Identify and administer strategies, policies, activities, and procedures to promote employee satisfaction, engagement, and retention and to minimize costs.

Explain the impact and cost of dissatisfied or disengaged employees and identify the factors contributing to employee satisfaction and engagement.

Delegate work to others and assist with prioritizing work responsibilities.

Recornize or reward employees for their work efforts and contributions.

Coach or mentor employees on issues to improve performance.

Implement processes to promote equitable opportunities for employees.

Address and document employee issues and recommend solutions.

Identify issues associated with a diverse team (e.g., generational, ethnic, gender, religious) to achieve organizational inclusion objectives.

Champion and leverage workplace diversity and inclusion to achieve workplace objectives.

Use community involvement as a talent acquisition, development and retention strategy (e.g., determine interest in community activities, coordinate involvement).

Assess employer-employee relationships and talent engagement strategies, resolving identified issues.

Operations Management: Learners apply business operational principles to plan, organize, and monitor and organization or department's day-to-day activities to ensure continued business functioning and maximize contribution to organizational goals and objectives.

Safety, Health, and Security: Develop, administer, and manage policies and procedures to promote business safety, health, and security and to reduce risk of loss.

Promote adherence to health and safety regulations to support a safe work environment.

Conduct business continuity and disaster reaction exercises.

Investigate safety and security incidents.

Evaluate the impact of third-party (e.g., supplier, contractor, foreign joint venture) workplace incidents on business reputation, brand and performance, and describe strategies to reduce risk.

Adjust emergency and incidence response plans to address hazardous materials' presence or release.

Identify needed safety and security policies and procedures to protect organizational stakeholders (e.g., employees, contractors, directors and officers, customers, guests and visitors).

Identify types of hazardous materials and describe their impact on human health and environmental resources.

Describe the requirements for the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials and evaluate the impact of hazardous material releases on organizational performance.

Identify strategies for protecting business's digital assets, customer data and other confidential business information.

Develop policies, procedures, performance aids and monitoring activities to promote and support workplace safety and security goals.

Conduct safety inspections.

Develop and implement programs containing safety and security policies and procedures to minimize risk.